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USE OF PRESENT TENSE VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 Two Present Tenses Study the following sentences : My cousin is singing now. (Present continuous) She sings early in the morning everyday. (Simple present) VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 is singing Sings Verbs in the present tense Use both tenses to talk about present time. VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 In this unit, we’ll discuss how we form the two tenses, how we choose between the two and what differences in meaning our choices will make VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 Talking about the present (The simple present) Dear Students, See the description of a typical day in the life of a student. Listen to it carefully. Later, I’ll ask you a few questions. See if you can answer them. VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 Gopal usually gets up at 5.30 a.m. After brushing his teeth, he takes a cup of milk. Then he spends about one hour reading his lessons for the day. He takes his bath at 7.30. VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 He dresses quickly and eats his breakfast. He leaves home at 8.20 and goes to the bus stop nearby. His college bus comes there at 8.30. VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 Gopal has classes from 9.30 to 3.30. He finishes his lunch in about 15 or 20 minutes. In between he has a lunch break from 12.00 to 1.00. VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 He spends the rest of the time in the college library. He reaches home by 4.30. After taking his tea, he goes out to play cricket. He returns home by 6.30. VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 You have listened to the description, haven’t you? Now try to answer these questions. VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 1) What does the passage describe? 2) Do you remember Gopal’s different kinds of routines? A : daily routines at home. B : daily routines in college. 3) Do the activities take place at the time of speaking? VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 Look at the description again. Some of the words are underlined. Do you know why they are underlined? VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 Gopal usually gets up at 5.30 a.m. After brushing his teeth, he takes a cup of milk. Then he spends about one hour reading his lessons for the day. He takes his bath at 7.30. VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 He dresses quickly and eats his breakfast. He leaves home at 8.20 and goes to the bus stop nearby. His college bus comes there at 8.30. VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 Yes. They are verbs. You know that verbs are words denoting actions. VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 Can you identify the tense of these Verbs, i.e, whether they are in present Or past tense? Yes. They are all present tense forms. VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 How do we form the simple present? I/We/You/They/The girls sing/watch. He/She/It/My brother sings/watches VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 If the subject is I, You, We or any plural noun, we use the verb in its basic form. If the subject is He, She, It, or a singular noun, we add s/es to the verb VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 How do we form questions and negatives? Do you like spiders? How does she eat raw potatoes? They do not (don’t) drink any soft drink. She does not (doesn’t) speak Japanese. VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 We use do and does to form questions and negatives. VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 Let’s examine the meaning of the simple present. I drink several cups of coffee everyday. I always drink it with milk. I never drink black coffee. VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 Habitual Actions Expressions of frequency : always, generally, often, sometimes, never, everyday, usually, hardly, once/twice a week, on Mondays VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 Honesty is the best policy. The sun rises in the east. General truths Cows eat grass. (timeless truths) Oil floats on water Water boils at low temperatures at high altitudes. VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 A passes to B, C interrupts, D shoots. It’s a goal ! You go straight for a kilometer, then you come to the park. In commentaries. Instructions VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 I put the cake Demonstrations mixture into this bowl and add a drop of vanilla essence. Now VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 I beg your pardon. (The speaker is performing an action) I deny your charge. The performative use VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 The train leaves at 12.15. No.54 goes to Gandhinagar. If I come back tomorrow, I’ll ring you up. Scheduled activities i.e, activities that go by plans/prearrangments. VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 Useful points to remember My cousin does not plays the violin. (x) My cousin does not play the violin. () Does she always makes so much noise?() Does she always make so much noise?() VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 We do not add-s or – es to the main verbs in questions and negatives. We use do or does to suit the subject. VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 Activity 1 Use the expressions in the box to complete the dialogue. loves Sleeps for an hour Plays by herself Give her a bath VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 (Govind tells his mother about his baby.) M : So, how’s little Rajani doing? G : She’s such an angel. She ………most of the time. M : Does she sleep during the day? She should, you know. VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 G : Oh, yes, she does. She………after lunch. M: What does she like to eat? G: She ……..boiled potatoes and curd. M : When does she have a bath? VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 G : Veena or I………in the afternoon. M : I’m so glad she’s coming on well. God bless her. VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 Check whether you have answered correctly Key Answers : Plays by herself Sleeps for an hour loves give her a bath VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 Activity 2 The table has information on how Premila spent her holidays last summer. Imagine that she follows the same routine again this summer and fill in the blanks in one of the routines each. VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 a.m. – 7 a.m. - practiced music 9 a.m. – 10 a.m. - Cooked lunch 4 p.m. – 5 p.m. – played basketball 5 p.m. – 6 p.m. – worked in the garden 6 p.m. – 7 p.m. -went for tuition 8 p.m. – 10 p.m. – spent time with her family 10-30 p.m.- went to bed 6 VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 Premila ………..between six and eight in the morning everyday. She……….between 9 a.m. and 10 a.m. In the evening between five and six, Premila…………… She……………between six and seven. VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 Later, she……………..two hours with her family. Premila…………….at 10.30 p.m. VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 Check whether you have answered correctly Key Answers : Practices music, cooks lunch, works in the garden, goes for tuition, spends time with her family, goes to bed VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 Talking about the present (The present continuous) Dear students, Listen carefully to the dialogue below. Later, I’ll ask you a few questions. See if you can answer them. VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 [Kalpana speaks to Vikas on the telephone] K : Hello. Kalpana here. V : Hi, Where are you? You’re late today. K : I’m still in office. We have an important meeting at six.What is everyone doing? VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 V: Well, mother is reading the newspaper and glancing at the clock every five minutes. Father is walking up and down the street, waiting to see if you are coming. Grandfather is watching TV, and Kiran is studying for her physics test. VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 K : And you ? V: I’m listening to music. VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 You have listened to the dialogue, haven’t you? Now try to answer these questions. Who are taking part in the dialogue? Can you tell me what they are doing? A: mother B : father C: grand father D: Kiran E: Vikas VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 Do you think the dialogue is about activities that are being done ? Do the activities take place at the time of speaking ? VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 Look at the dialogue again. Some of the words are underlined. Do you know why they are underlined? Mother is reading the newspaper. Father is walking up and down the street. VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 Grand father is watching TV. Kiran is studying for her physics test. I am listening to music. VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 Yes. They are verbs. You know that these verbs denote current activities and events. VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 How do we form the present continuous ? I am/We are/ You are/ He is/ They are smiling. We form the present continuous with the present tense of be (that is, am/is/are) and the – ing form of the main verb. VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 Meaning of the present continuous Now or repeatedly? Bindu is working in the garden now. We are watching cricket at the moment. VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 To talk about something happening now. Words that show present time : now, at the moment, at present, currently VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 Temporary or permanent ? The rich woman is living in a small house in the village. To describe a temporary situation. (It’s only temporary. Her doctor has advised her rest for a month away from the city.) VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 Study the following sentences. What are you doing this weekend? I am meeting Peter tomorrow. We are driving to Albany this weekend. Planned future events VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 Too often or every time ? My aunt is always quarrelling with her neighbours. It shows an emotion : irritation ‘Always’ means too often VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 Note : with the present continuous She is always complaining about the food. () She always is complaining about the food. (x) ‘Always’ comes between be and the main verb. VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 State verbs not in the continuous. Verb can show an action or state. Action – something happening State – something that stays the same way VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 agree, be, believe, belong, consist off, contain, cost, depend, deserve, exist, forget, have, know, like, love, hate, matter, mean, need, prefer, remember seem, suppose, understand, want, wish VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 Nobody knows exactly how the machine works. () Nobody is knowing exactly how the machine works. (x) This tonic contains 5 % alcohol. () This tonic is containing 5% alcohol.(x) VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 Same verb : state or action? A verb can sometimes have two meanings – one showing a state, and the other an action. VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 I think (=believe) you’re good. I’m thinking of (= considering) a holiday. They have (= own) several houses in the city. state action state VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 They are having (=organizing) a party action tonight. The film star comes from state (=was born in) Shillong. She is coming action (=travelling) from Chennai after a shooting. VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 Activity 3 Say whether each of these sentences is right or wrong. Put a () mark against the sentence you think is right and a (x) mark against the sentence you think is wrong. VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 I usually wash my own clothes. Is the sun going round the earth ? Are you understanding my problem? We are having a party tonight. I am thinking you are ill. Why are you always teasing me? The pudding is tasting nice. I have a flat at Gandhinagar. VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 Key Answers : 1) () 5) () 2) () 6) () 7) () 3) () 8) () 4) () See if you have answered correctly. VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 Activity 4 Fill in the blanks in the dialogue with the groups of words in the boxes. VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 (The phone rings. Susheela answers the call) Susheela : Hello? Oh, Keerthi ! what’s up? Keerthi : Hi, Sushi ! what are you doing? Susheela : I…………….for a test? Keerthi : What are Nita and Naveen doing? VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 Susheela : They ……………….TV. You know how crazy they are about antakshari. Keerthi : Yes I do. Are your parents at home? Susheela : Yes, they ……………….to each other while my mother VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 ……………………a new shirt for varun. He …………………in the gardern. is playing, am studying, are talking, is stitching, are watching VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 Key Answers am studying, are watching, are talking, is stitching, Is playing See if you have answered correctly. VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012 VIKASANA - BRIDGE COURSE - 2012