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Chapter 7 Voltage The energy difference between 2 places in a circuit Measured in volts (V) Flows from areas of high voltage to low voltage Negative end of the battery = 0 volts Anything that uses voltage (light bulb, motor, etc.) reduces the voltage : Voltage cont. To add voltage we stack batteries If each battery is 9 volts, what is the total voltage of each stack? Multimeter Black is connected on the left Red is connected on the right Red MUST always lead back to the positive end of the battery Measuring Voltage Black on left Red on right Knob turned to 200 on the voltage side Touch the black probe to the (-) end of the battery Move the red probe to the numbered spots on the diagram Current Flow of electric charges, generally through wires Measured in amperes (A) Current flows from high voltage to low voltage (+ to -) Types of current There are two types of current AC (alternating current) – This is the type of current coming to and from your home DC (direct current) – The current of a battery Currents have a path Currents can either follow one path Series circuit Or they can have more than one path Parallel circuit Measuring Current Black on left Red on FAR right Knob turned to red amps section Keep the red probe closest to the (+) end of the battery Move the meter to designated spots Resistance How easily charge flows through an object High resistance = not much current Low resistance = lots of current Electrical devices have resistance More devices = more resistance Measured in Ohms (Ω) Short Circuit A circuit with an abnormally low amount of resistance Example: Battery, wire, back to battery Creating a parallel path with very low resistance Cause high current = DANGER! Resistance Conductors allow charge to flow through them easily and have little resistance Metals (ex. Copper) Insulators do not allow charge to flow Glass and plastic Compare to Water Wires carry voltage just like pipes carry water Current flows just like water Resistance affects the flow of water just like it does electricity A jar with a narrow opening has high resistance and water flows slowly A jar with a wide opening has low resistance and water flows quickly How are they related? If voltage goes up, current goes up If resistance goes up, current goes down Voltage and resistance determine the amount of current in a circuit Ohm’s Law This law relates voltage, current and resistance We saw how they are related in the previous slide but how does it look mathematically? I = V/R Current (amps) Voltage (volts) Resistance (ohms)