Download muscoskeletal system

MUSCOSKELETAL SYSTEM
The human musculoskeletal system consists of:
1. the skeleton, made up of bones attached (spojenými) to other bones with joints +
ligaments – vazy – connect a bone to a bone
2. the skeletal muscles attached to the skeleton by tendons - šlachy – connect a bone to a
muscle)
The skeleton of an adult (dospělého člověka) consists (se skládá) of more than 200 bones.
1. SKELETON
Expressions to remember:
skull, spine/backbone, clavicle, rib cage, humerus, femur, patella (knee cap), meniscus
2. MUSCLES
- the ability to contract
- three different types:
a) skeletal (kosterní) – VOLUNTARY = consciously controled
b) cardiac (srdeční) – INVOLUNTARY = not consciously controled – heart - "pump" blood
through the circulatory system
c) smooth (hladké) – INVOLUNTARY – internal organs – digestive tract, arteries, veins
ad a) skeletal (kosterní) – VOLUNTARY = consciously controled
- the human body contains (obsahuje) more than 650 individual muscles
- provide ( umožňují) movement (together with the skeleton)
- work in pairs - when one muscle flexes (or contracts) the other relaxes, a
process known as antagonism.
- types of muscles (according to the movement that they provide):
1. extensor – natahovač
2. flexor – ohybač
3. abduktor – odtahovač
4. adductor - přitahovač
Skeletal muscles to be remembered:
2- deltoid muscle – déltový sval
3 – biceps [ˈbaɪseps] – dvojhlavý sval pažní
4 – triceps – trojhlavý sval pažní
9 – pectoralis major – velký sval prsní
11,12 – abdominal muscles – břišní svaly
13 – quadriceps [ˈkwɒdrɪˌseps] of the thigh – čtyřhlavý sval stehenní
19 – trapezius muscle – sval trapézový
20 – latissimus dorsi, broadest of the back – široký sval zádový
24 – gluteus maximus – velký sval hýžďový
25 – biceps of the thigh – dvojhlavý sval stehenní
26 - triceps surae /ˈtraɪsɛps ˈsjʊəriː/ - trojhlavý sval lýtkový
27 – Achilles tendon / ækili:z/
hamstrings – zadní část stehna