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Download Proximal convoluted tubule
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Urinary system Components Kidneys Ureters Bladder urethra Functions of kidneys Regulate the fluid and electrolyte balance of body Remove waste products of metabolism from body Function as endocrine organs: Synthesize and secrete erythropoeitin , renin Activate vitamin D Kidney Kidney structure Kidney (HE) Renal cortex: Cortical labyrinth Medullary ray Renal medulla Renal cortex (HE) Cortical labyrinth Medullary ray Kidney lobe and kidney lobule A kidney lobe: A medullary pyramid and the associated cortical tissue A kidney lobule: A medullary ray and the surrounding cortical labyrinth Kidney Covering membrane: Connective tissue capsule Parenchyma: Interstitium: Uriniferous tubules Connective tissue Blood vessels,Lymph vessels Nerves… Uriniferous tubule Renal corpuscle (components) Proximal convoluted tubule Nephron Renal Henle’s loop Uriniferous tubule tubule Distal convoluted tubule Collecting tubule Henle’s loop Thick descending limb Henle’s loop Thin descending limb Thin segment Thin ascending limb Thick ascending limb Cortical nephron and juxtamedullary nephron Cortical nephron Juxtamedullary nephron Renal corpuscle nephron Renal tubule Cortex (Cortical labyrinth) Renal corpuscle Glomerulus Bowman’s capsule Glomerulus (SEM) Afferent arteriole Effernt arteriole Renal corpuscle (SEM) Renal corpuscle (HE) Renal corpuscle Glomerular capillary: fenestrated capillary Bowman’s capsule: parietal layer visceral layer Podocyte (SEM) primary process secondary process (pedicel) slit pore filatration slit membrane Mesangium (mesangial cell) Function: remove the particles and clean the membrane provide support of the capillary wall Filtration barrier 1) Endothelium of the glomerular capillaries 2) The basement Lamina rara interna membrane Lamina densa Lamina rara externa 3) The filtration slit membrane Filtration barrier Renal tubule Distal convoluted tubule Proximal convoluted tubule Henle’s loop Proximal convoluted tubule Proximal convoluted tubule A simple cuboidal epithelium Cell shape: cuboidal cell with brush border Nucleu: small,round,located in the base Cytoplasm: strong acidophilic Proximal convoluted tubule cell ultrastructure Microvilli Canaliculi and vesicles Membrane folds Mitochondria Natrium/kalium ATPase Cell junction Membrane interdigitation Proximal convoluted tubule Proximal convoluted tubule (SEM) Proximal convoluted tubule Functions: Urine absorption Water and electrolyte absorption Amino acid,sugar and small protein absorption Large protein absorption Secrete Hydrogen ion, Ammonia, creatinine Henle’s loop Thick descending limb Henle’s loop Thin descending limb Thin segment Thin ascending limb Thick ascending limb Thick descending limb Thin segment A simple squamous epithelium Thick ascending limb Distal convoluted tubule A simple cuboidal epithelium Cell shape: small cuboidal cell lacking brush border Nucleu: small,round, located in medium Cytoplasm: less acidophilic Distal convoluted tubule cell ultrastructure Few microvilli Few canaliculi and vesicles Few interdigitation Extensive membrane folds Numerous mitochondria Distal convoluted tubule functions Absorb Na and secrete K Secrete Hydrogen and Ammonium into tubular urine Hormone regulation Aldosterone: increase the absorption of Na and water increase the secretion of K Antidiuretic hormone: increase the absorption of water Collecting tubule and duct Arched collecting tubule Cortical collecting tubule Medullary collecting tubule Papillary duct A simple epithelium: Squamous cuboidal columnar high columnar Cortial collecting tubule Papillary duct Collecting tubule cell ultrastructure Few microvilli Few organells No interdigitation No membrane fold Collecting tubule Function Absorb Na and water Secrete K The activity is controlled by the aldosterone and ADH Cortex (Cortical labyrinth) medulla Renal tubules Juxtaglomerular complex 1. juxtaglomerular cell 2. Extraglomerular mesangial cell 3. Macula densa Juxtaglomerular complex Juxtaglomerular cell Origin: smooth muscle cell of the afferent arteriole Secretion: renin (hormone) Angiotensinogen angiotensinI angiotensinII aldosterone Juxtaglomerular complex macula densa Origin: part of the distal tubule wall Function: sensitive to the Cl content of tubular fluid Juxtaglomerular complex Extraglomerular mesangial cell Blood supply of kidney Renal artery Interlobar arteries Arcuate arteries Interlobular arteries Blood supply of kidney interlobular artery afferent arteriole glomerulus efferent arteriole (cortical nephron) efferent arteriole ↓ postglomerular capillary ↓ Interlobular vein (juxtamedullary nephron) efferent arteriole→ postglomerular capillary straight arteriole Interlobular vein straight venule Blood supply of kidney Renal artery Interlobar arteries Arcuate arteries Interlobular arteries Renal interstitium Interstitial cell: Medullipin-Ⅰ liver Medullipin-Ⅱ Blood pressure Ureter Mucosa Muscular layer adventitia Ureter mucosa Epithelium: transitional epithelium Lamina propria: connective tissue Bladder Bladder Transitional epithelium
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