Download The Aztec Empire

Incan ruins
Machu Picchu
The Aztecs
French fur
traders
Spanish Explorers
Unit 2 – When Cultures Collide
Arriving at Jamestown
North America
Migration of people from Central Asia dates back 13 to 16,000 years
ago, during the last great ice age. At that time, the Bering Strait was a
land bridge connecting North America and Asia. The migration of
people from the East across this land bridge in search of food, began the
slow development of the Western Hemisphere.
Over a period of thousands of
years, North and South America
became inhabited with people of the
Earth. Although there were many
great civilizations and empires, this
marking period we focused on the
Mayan, Aztec and Incan Empires.
The empires had their share of differences but
shared many things in common. The most notable
was their strong belief in religion which required
human sacrifice.
The first
empire of
note was the
Mayan
Civilization.
It was located
in present day
Guatemala and
Mexico.
The Mayan Civilization was not only
the FIRST empire, but it lasted the
longest from 250 – 900 CE.
The Mayan form of writing was
known as hieroglyphics.
This is a form of graphic writing,
using signs and symbols instead
of letters, as we do.
An important contribution
from the Mayan
Civilization was the
concept of zero, by giving
it a place value when used
in math .
On the bottom right is a daily
calendar. The calendar above is
for holidays, ceremonies and
religious rites.
They were
extremely
accurate with
their
observations
of the planets,
sun and moon.
This skill
helped them
create two
types of
calendars.
The Aztec Civilization
began in the Valley of
Mexico. They settled on an
island in Lake Texcoco, in
1325. It took time to
develop, but lasted through
the early 1500s.
The Aztec people
were able to change a
swampy lake into a
great city, which was
called Tenochtitlan.
This was its capital
city.
The Aztecs, just as the Mayans did, built pyramids and
used their own style of hieroglyphics.
The Incas - People of the Sun!
Descendants of the
Incans can be
found today along
the west coast of
South America in:
South America
Columbia
Ecuador
Peru
Bolivia
Peru, Ecuador,
Bolivia, Chile and
Columbia.
The Incan empire came to an
end by way of the Spanish,
which is similar to the Aztec’s
demise.
C
H
I
L
E
The Incan
government was
able to take
census and
collect taxes
because of the
large scale
road system
that they built.
A Census is an official count of all
people living in an area. Quipu was
a knotted string used by the Incas as a
method of keeping records
_____
3,643
Another great achievement of the Incas
was a series of canals and pipes known
as aqueducts. They would bring water
to dry land.
Eastern
Europe
Marco Polo’s Journey
China
Sahara
Dessert
Arabia
India
Pacific
Ocean
When Europeans heard of Marco Eeast. Columbus began the journeys by traveling
west, not realizing that two continents and two oceans would stop him and his crew.
Although others made it to the
Western Hemisphere first,
Christopher Columbus arrived in the New World in
1492. He traveled across the Atlantic, hoping to find
a shorter route to East Indies and Asia.
Balboa reaches the calm Pacific shores
Henry Hudson sailing up the Hudson River, of all places
Christopher Columbus
The Age of Explorers 1492 – 1630
This was a time of exploration and discovery. Columbus, Hudson,
Magellan, Balboa and countless other explorers left their homelands in
Europe to find shorter trade routes, at first. There is evidence that Leif
Erikson and other Vikings reached North America around 1000 A.D.
Spain and Portugal took the lead in exploration, sending
conquistadors across the ocean in search of riches for
their home country. In time England, France and the Our review will begin with the
Netherlands would join the exploration.
Spanish conquistadors.
Conquistadors would search the New World for riches
and claim the land for Spain. They were merciless and
deceptive in their treatment of the Native Americans,
killing and enslaving as they conquered.
Cortez was a conquistador. When he
arrived in Mexico, he found many of the
local tribes were willing to assist him
overtake Moctezuma and the Aztec
people.
Although Cortez and his Spanish army had many
less soldiers, approximately 500 compared to the
hundreds of thousands of the Aztec empire,
By 1521, the Aztecs were
defeated by Cortez!
The Spanish had horses, armor, guns, swords to
use in battle. They also had allies in the Aztec’s
enemies to increase their troops, but just as
important (to be continued!)
The Spanish had something more
powerful. Unexpectedly, they
brought disease to America, which
the Native Americans had never
experienced and had no immunity
against, especially small pox.
Meanwhile in western
South America, the
Incas were minding
their own business.
When who should stop
by, but Francisco
Pizarro, another
Spanish conquistador
who’ll stop at nothing
for riches like gold.
This doesn’t bode well
for the Incan Empire.
Francisco Pizarro was a Spanish
conquistador who sailed to
South America, in 1531.
By 1535, Pizarro had conquered
most of the Incan empire, which
included the capitol of Cuzco.
It only took 15 years for the Spanish to defeat 2 powerful empires in the
Western Hemisphere. The Spanish had powerful weapons, and they
brought disease to America, which the Native Americans had never
experienced.
Canada
Europe
America
Caribbean
Islands
Africa
South America
The world got a little closer and shared its wealth as a result of the age of
exploration. It was known as the Columbian Exchange. Up to that time, Europe
was without tomato, corn (maize) and cacao bean (the source of chocolate).
The new world got grapes, bananas and horses to name just a few items.
The Spanish were not alone in the
exploration of the New World. Holland,
France and England joined the
exploration.
Escape Poverty
English settlers came to America for
Political
Oppression
a variety of reasons – mostly to escape
problems they faced in England
Indentured Servant
Religious Freedom
In short, they wanted to
start a new life!
The first permanent English settlement was Jamestown, Virginia.
Jamestown was considered a
success because it:
-had its own government
-had the support of England
-was the first settlement to
survive beyond settlement and
continue as a colony
For instance, Roanoke was earlier but did not
have any survivors when supply ships returned
from England.
French
settlers were
interested in
fur trade.
Unlike the Spanish, French
explorers treated Native
Americans fairly. They knew
the natives were essential to
survival in the New World.
- Review The French treated the
natives fairly.
The Spanish were cruel
and betrayed their trust
and enslaved those not
killed.
Similarities of French and
Spanish treatment of Native
Americans:
A. They both needed Native
Americans to survive.
B. They both tried to convert the Native
Americans
C. They both brought diseases to the
Native Americans
Map Skills Application
Las Vegas, located in southwest USA is located between which two lines of latitude?
Answer: What are 30 and 40 degrees north latitude?
_?_degrees north latitude goes through central New Jersey. 40 degrees north latitude
Albany, located in northeast USA is located between which two lines of longitude?
Answer: What are 70 and 80 degrees west longitude?
1438
Pachacuti
becomes
ruler of the
Incas
Time Line Review
1492 Columbus
lands in
Caribbean for
Spain
1440 Johannes
Gutenberg
invents printing
press.
1497 – 1498 Vasco
da Gama sailed from
Portugal to India
1524 Giovanni
da Verrazano
returns to France
claiming a New
World for France.
1513 Vasco de
Balboa
reaches the
Pacific Ocean.
1519 Cortez
ends Aztec
Empire.
Which came first – Columbus’s arrival in the New World or Balboa reaching the Pacific ?
Answer: Columbus arrived first in 1492, but even without a time line, we should know
that Columbus began the modern European exploration of the New World.
How many years after DaGama arrived in India did the Aztec Empire End?
Answer: What is 21 years?
List in order the following people/events from first to fourth: Cortez, Pachacuti, Balboa
and Verrazano.
Answer: Pachacuti, Balboa, Cortez and Verrazano.
When Europe expanded into the Americas, an exchange of animals and plants got
under way. It was widespread and included diseases as well. The Western Hemisphere
(the New World) received animals like the pig, chicken, horse and cow, and grains like
wheat, rice and oats. A morning favorite coffee and sugar also came from the east to the
New World. The development of corn, potatoes, beans Cocoa made their way from the
Western Hemisphere to Europe, Africa and Asia, along with turkeys and silver. This was
known as the “Columbian Exchange,” and it benefited both hemispheres.
After reading the passage
above and using the graphic
to the right as a guide,
answer the sample question
on paper at home.
Remember to use the RASC
model when writing your
response.
Sample Question: Do you
think
one
hemisphere
benefitted more from the
Columbian Exchange than
the other
Sample Question: Do you think one hemisphere benefitted more from the
Columbian Exchange than the other?
RASC = Restate the question, Answer the question, Support your answer, Conclusion
Restate (example): One hemisphere benefitted from the Columbian Exchange.
Answer: I think that the Western Hemisphere benefitted more from the Columbian
Exchange. (The choice of Western Hemisphere is only used as an example – it
does not mean it is the correct answer. The student makes it correct by supporting it
with facts.)
Support: This is where the student uses information from the graphic and passage to
show an understanding why Western Hemisphere or why Europe and Africa were
chosen.
Conclude: It is for these reasons I believe the Western hemisphere benefitted more
from the Columbian Exchange.