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Estimates of the Canada-U.S. labour productivity level gap for the total economy differ, although they are all substantial Canada-U.S. Labour Productivity Level Gap in 2005: Total Economy 20.3% 17.0% 12.7% OECD StatCan IC Sources: Industry Canada: Industry Canada compilation based on official statistics from Statistics Canada, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and U.S.Bureau of Economic Analysis OECD: OECD Productivity database StatCan: Maynard, Jean-Pierre, 2006, “The Comparative Level of GDP per Capita in Canada and the United States: A Decomposition into Labour Productivity and Work Intensity Differences,” Catalogue No. 15-206-XIE, Statistics Canada. MICRO-ECONOMIC POLICY ANALYSIS BRANCH 0 1 Estimates of the productivity level gap for the business sector are closer and also substantial Canada-U.S. Labour Productivity Level Gap in 2002: Business Sector 20.6% 17.5% StatCan IC Note: Business sector excludes health, education, other government services, non-profit organizations and owner-occupied dwellings. Sources: Industry Canada: Industry Canada compilation based on official statistics from Statistics Canada and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. StatCan: Baldwin, Gu and Yan, 2006. “Relative Multifactor Productivity Levels in Canada and the United States: A Sectoral Analysis”, Statistics Canada draft report, having not been released. MICRO-ECONOMIC POLICY ANALYSIS BRANCH 1 2 The Canada-U.S. productivity level gap in the business sector has trended up over the period 1981-2000 and widened substantially since Labour productivity Growth in Canadian and U.S. Business Sector, 1981-2007 Relative Labour Productivity in Canada, 1991-2007 U.S.=100 100 Canada U.S. 95 2.6 Labour Productivity in the Canadian Business Sector 90 85 1.9 80 1.6 75 1.0 70 Labour Productivity Manufacturing 65 60 1981-2000 2000-2007 Source: Statistics Canada and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 91 93 95 97 99 '01 '03 '05 '07 Labour productivity is defined as GDP per hour worked, PPP-based. The series are extrapolated based on 1999 benchmarking estimates of the Canada-U.S. labour productivity gap, using labour productivity indexes from Statistics Canada and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Source: Industry Canada calculation based on data from Statistics Canada and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics MICRO-ECONOMIC POLICY ANALYSIS BRANCH 2 3 Canada’s MFP growth has been weaker compared to other OECD countries Multifactor Productivity in Selected OECD Countries (1985-2006, 1985=100) Canada US Japan Italy France Australia UK 140 130 120 110 100 90 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 '01 '03 '05 Note: MFP is based on harmonized price indexes for ICT capital goods. Source: OECD, Productivity Programme. MICRO-ECONOMIC POLICY ANALYSIS BRANCH 3 4 Canadian businesses are not as “innovative” as businesses in other countries MFP and R&D and M&E Intensity in the Canadian Business Sector, 2004 (US=100) 70 Percentage of Post-Secondary Graduates in Selected Industries 80% University Community college 70% 60 60% 50% 50 40% 30% 20% 40 10% All Agri., Constn Industry forestry, fishing, 10 Manu. Wholesale Retail Canada US Canada US Canada US Canada US Canada US Canada US Canada US Canada US 20 Canada US 0% 30 Transp. Fin. and Prof., and ins. sci. and w arehsg tech 0 MFP R&D Intensity M&E Intensity ICT Intensity R&D intensity (2002): R&D stock (assuming a depreciation rate of 0.15) per worker. M&E capital intensity: M&E capital stock per worker. ICT capital intensity (2003): ICT capital stock per worker. Source: Canadian Census of Population 2001, U.S. Census of Population 2000. Sources: Industry Canada calculations based on data from Statistics Canada, U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis and OECD. MICRO-ECONOMIC POLICY ANALYSIS BRANCH 4 5 Canadian companies seem not to value business models based on innovation strategies Company Operations and Strategy Index Ranking* (out of 121 countries) 80.0% Ranking U.S. 1 Germany 2 Japan 5 U.K. 9 France 11 Canada 18 Australia 23 Italy 32 1999 2001 60.0% % establishements Country General Business Strategy in Canada, 1999, 2001 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% * The company operations and strategy index measures the extent to which company strategies and operating practices are oriented toward innovation versus other modes of competing. The ranking is over 121 countries. Source: World Economic Forum, Global Competitiveness Report, 2006-2007. MICRO-ECONOMIC POLICY ANALYSIS BRANCH Reducing other Reducing labour Developing new Developing new operating costs costs products / production / services operating techniques Source: Employer portion of the Workplace and Employee Survey, Statistics Canada. 5 6