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AP Statistics Peterson Lesson 2: Chapter 5 – Probability Rules (Take Home Notes + Assignment) Probability Vocabulary Sample Space S: Probability Model: Event: Mutually Exclusive (disjoint): Question #1: Imagine tossing a fair coin 3 times. a) What is the sample space for this chance process? b) What is the assignment of probabilities to outcomes in this sample space? To find the probability that an event A happens, we rely on some basic probability rules: Probability Rules 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. AP Statistics Peterson Two-Way Tables Example Students in a college statistics class wanted to find out how common it is for young adults to have their ears pierced. They recorded the data on two variables – gender and whether the student had a pierced ear – for all 195 people in the class. The two way table shows the data: Pierced Ears? Gender Male Female Yes 17 90 No 82 6 Total 99 96 Total 107 88 195 Suppose we choose a student from the class at random. Find the probability that the student: a) Has pierced ears b) Is a male with pierced ears c) Is male or has pierced ears GENERAL ADDITION RULE for TWO EVENTS: AP Statistics Peterson Venn Diagrams Label the following diagrams, using proper symbols and notation: Event A and it’s complement AC Mutually exclusive (disjoint) events A and B Intersection of events A and B Union of events A and B Question #2 The two-way table below describes the members of the U.S Senate in a recent year Democrats Republicans Male 47 36 Female 13 4 a) Construct a Venn-Diagram that models the chance process using events R: is a Republican, and F: is a female b) Find P(R U F). Interpret this value in context. c) Find P(RC Ո FC). Interpret this value in context.