Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Resilient control systems wikipedia , lookup
Time-to-digital converter wikipedia , lookup
History of electric power transmission wikipedia , lookup
Immunity-aware programming wikipedia , lookup
Embedded system wikipedia , lookup
Opto-isolator wikipedia , lookup
Integrated circuit wikipedia , lookup
Fault tolerance wikipedia , lookup
Wassim Michael Haddad wikipedia , lookup
Analog-to-digital converter wikipedia , lookup
The AQuA Converter An Analog Memory Cell Micah O’Halloran Prof. Rahul Sarpeshkar Analog VLSI & Biological Systems Group Jan. 25, 2002 Uses of analog memory: Circuit Offset Compensation Self-Tuning/Adaptive Circuits Learning Algorithms (Speech Processing, Robotics) General Memory Element Analog VLSI & Biological Systems 2 Two exisiting approaches to analog storage: Floating-gate transistors A/D/A converters Analog VLSI & Biological Systems 3 Floating-Gate Transistors A true analog voltage is stored on an SiO2 isolated floating gate using hotelectron injection and tunneling. Analog VLSI & Biological Systems 4 A/D/A – Analog-to-Digital-toAnalog Conversion Analog VLSI & Biological Systems 5 Analog-to-Quantized-Analog (AQuA) Converter No explicit digital conversion takes place Uses clock as a quantizing tool Analog VLSI & Biological Systems 6 AQuA Operation Overview Analog &Step Step Step4 5–VLSI –CThe conversion charges 3 – Step Cuntil is complete V asynchronously is high once on – awe positive resets reachtoaclock zero positive when edge. clock the Icaps edge is set and soVthat Vo2Viso2 high. rises sample sample o2 Step clk voltage c1 2 – Begin 1 charging Sample Vin both N-1 and V N then holds Biological Systems 7 between the 2reaches the edge (N until is the the number next positive of bitsclock we are edge. quantizing to). ref12. Itclock Experimental Conversion Analog VLSI & Biological Systems 8 AQuA Test Results – 6 bit Analog VLSI & Biological Systems 9 Conclusion The circuit was designed as a proof-ofconcept of the AQuA idea, and achieved six bits of resolution. The resolution of the implemented AQuA algorithm is very sensitive to the tuning of its parameters. The design of a micropower 10-bit AQuA using a new more robust algorithm is currently underway. Analog VLSI & Biological Systems 10