Download leads from medicinal plants to treat diabetic cardiomyopathy

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LEADS FROM MEDICINAL PLANTS TO TREAT DIABETIC
CARDIOMYOPATHY
R.K. Goyal
The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujurat, India
The occurrence of hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress in diabetes
have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications including
cardiomyopathy. Although several molecular targets have been identified, treatment
of diabetic cardiomyopathy relies on selected anti-diabetic, antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemia and anti-oxidant drugs. Recently herbal medicines including dietary
interventions and lead compounds from plants like resveratrol from red-wine,
ginkgolide-B from Ginkgo biloba, swertiamarin from Enicostemna littorale, 6gingerol from Zingiber officinalis, alpha-linoleic acid from Flaxseed have received
attention for cardioprotective effects. Polyphenolic compounds exerts a
cardioprotective effect. Earlier, our studies demonstrated that various extracts and
their fractions from fruits of Embelica officinalis (Indian gooseberry) produce antidiabetic, anti-hyperlipaemic and anti-oxidant activities in various models of diabetes
and hyperlipidemia. Since polyphenolic compounds are known to exert
cardioprotective effects, it was speculated that gallic acid present in E. officinalis may
be responsible for prevention diabetic cardiomyopathy rats. We also found that
treatment with gallic acid prevents streptozotocin-induced hypertension, bradycardia,
or histopathological alterations observed in heart, depressed force of contraction of
heart and indices of cardiac hypertrophy like ratio between left ventricular and bodyweight and heart weight and body-weight, collagen content, protein content,
elevation of lactate dehydrogenase and creatinine kinase - MB levels in dosedependent manner. It is suggested that gallotannin may be considered as another lead
for the treatment of myocardial damage associated with diabetes mellitus.