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CHAPTER FIVE OUTLINE, “Beginnings of Western Art” DISCOVERING ART HISTORY, BROMER AT THE COMPLETION OF THIS CHAPTER, YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO: 5.1 •Describe the style, techniques, and skills of prehistoric artists •Explain how the art and culture of ancient Middle Eastern and Egyptian communities reflect their advanced societies •Explain that the exact use of Old Stone Age art is unclear, but that the works served as more than mere decoration •Describe how prehistoric artist deliberately stylized their work to evoke the natural world 5.2 •Identify the art of a succession of sophisticated civilizations that ruled the fertile lands of Mesopotamia starting somewhere between 3599 and 3000 B.C.E. •Analyze how Mesopotamian art honored both the rulers and the gods 5.3 •Identify the factors that provided the necessary stability for Egypt’s culture ot trhove for several thousands of years •Explain why a strong belief in the afterlife was an essential ingredient in Egyptian art and culture ART TIMELINE c. 30,000 BCE 15,000 BCE c. 25,000 BCE c. 10,000 BCE 7000 BCE 2000 BCE c. 2900 – 2600 BCE 2685 – 2645 BCE c. 2000 BCE 875BC – 860 BCE 645 – 635 BCE c. 1760 BCE c. 500 BCE c. 500 BCE 2600 BCE 2530 – 2470 BCE 2575 – 2525 BCE 2470 BCE 2563 BCE 1480 BCE c. 1900 BCE 1830 BCE 1025 BCE 1352 BCE c. 1360 BCE 1257 BCE Rhinoceroses and Bison, The Cave of Chauvet-Pont-d’Arc Hall of Bulls, Lascaux, France Venus of Willendorf, Austria Bison, France Plastered Head, Jordan Stonehenge, Salisbury Plain, England Votive Figures, Iraq Standard of Ur, Iraq Ziggurat at Ur, Iraq Ashurnasirpal II, Mesopotamia Ashurbanipal, Mesopotamia Stele of Hammurabi, Mesopotamia Xerxes Gate, Persepolis, Iran Bull Capital, Persepolis, Iran Step Pyramid of King Zoser, Egypt The Great Pyramids, Giza, Egypt The Great Sphinx, Giza, Egypt Mycerinus and His Queen, Giza, Egypt Katep and His Wife, Memphis, Egypt Funerary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, Egypt Painting wooden models form Egyptian tombs, Egypt Temple Amun, Karnak, Egypt Greenfield Papyrus, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, Egypt Mask of King Tutankhamen, Thebes, Egypt Queen Nefertiti, El Armarna, Egypt Temple of Ramses II, Abu Simbel, Egypt HISTORICAL TIMELINE 30,000 BCE 25000 – 18000 BCE 12,000 BCE 6000 BCE 4000 BCE 3500 – 3000 BCE 3300 BCE 3300 BCE 3000 BCE 2500 – 1500 BCE 2686 – 2150 BCE 2650 – 2575 BCE 2100 BCE 2100 – 1700 BCE 2000 BCE 2000 BCE c.1500 – 1085 BCE 1300 BCE Native Americans migrate from Asia to North America Last Ice Age World’s first known domesticated dogs Fishing with harpoons in the Nile and East African lakes Village planning begins, China Invention of the wheel, Sumaria First kilns used in Mesopotamia Earliest known writing, Mesopotamia Silk first produced, China Grid pattern city built at Mohenjo-Daro, Indus Valley Old Kingdom, Egypt Great Sphinx, Pyramids at Giza, Egypt Ziggurat at Ur, Mesopotamia Midel Kingdom, Egypt Iron first used for tools and weapons in the Middle East Stonehenge, England New Kingdom Ten Commandments, Mount Sinai VOCABULARY Stylization Cromleck Lintel Ziggurat Cella Stele Low relief Mastaba Step pyramid Frontal Pylon Hypostyle Register Descriptive perspective 5.1 EARLIEST BEGINNINGS Origins of Western art are unclear Earliest forms of art focused around caves Stone Age art had serious purpose and may have served several functions 5.2 THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST: MESOPOTAMIA A great civilization is born in Mesopotamia. Gods and rulers become central to the creation of art. Sumerians formalize the depiction of the human form. 5.3 EGYPT Geographic isolation allows Egyptian art and culture to remain constant for several thousand years. Strongly-held belief in afterlife helps stimulate growth of all art forms. Pyramid evolves as elaborate tomb for Pharoahs.
