Download Cells of the Nervous System

Survey
yes no Was this document useful for you?
   Thank you for your participation!

* Your assessment is very important for improving the work of artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project

page
1
page
2
page
3
page
4
page
5
page
6
page
7
page
8
page
9
page
10
page
11
page
12
page
13
page
14
page
15
page
16
page
17
page
18
page
19
page
20
page
21
page
22
page
23
page
24
page
25
page
26
page
27
page
28
page
29
page
30
page
31
page
32
page
33
page
34
page
35
page
36
page
37
page
38
page
39
page
40
page
41
page
42
page
43
page
44
page
45
page
46
page
47
page
48
page
49
page
50
page
51
page
52
page
53
page
54
Document related concepts
no text concepts found
Transcript 
Chapter 2
Nerve Cells and Behavior
&
Chapter 4
The Cytology of Neurons
7 nm
25 nm
25 nm
Neuronal cytoskeleton
Four functions of neurons
1. Receive and integrate inputs
dendrites, soma
2. Generate a nerve impulse (action potential)
axon hillock
3. Conduct the action potential
axon
4. Transmit information to target cell (neuron, muscle, gland)
nerve terminals
Dendrites and cell body
Receive and integrate inputs
Axon hillock and initial segment
Generate action potentials
Axon
Conducts action potential
Terminals
Synaptic transmission
Eccles, J.C. (1964) The Physiology of Synapses. N.Y.: Springer
Classifications of Neurons
1. Function
a. sensory neurons
b. motoneurons
c. interneurons
Classifications of Neurons
1. Function
2. Structure
a. unipolar
b. bipolar
c. multipolar
Classifications of Neurons
1. Function
2. Structure
3. Shape
e.g., pyramidal, stellate, basket, granule, etc.
A
B
100μm
Classifications of Neurons
1.
2.
3.
4.
Function
Structure
Shape
Effect
a. excitatory neurons
b. inhibitory neurons
Classifications of Neurons
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Function
Structure
Shape
Effect
Axon length
a. projection neurons (Golgi Type I)
b. local neurons (Golgi Type II)
Classifications of Neurons
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Function
Structure
Shape
Effect
Axon length
Neurochemical identity
e.g., cholinergic, dopaminergic, GABAergic, etc.
Classifications of Neurons
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Function
Structure
Shape
Effect
Axon length
Neurochemical identity
Types of glial cells
1. Astrocytes
2. Microglia
3. Oligodendroglia
4. Schwann cells
Types of glial cells
1. Astrocytes
a. mechanical support
b. metabolic support
transport nutrients and wastes
c. encapsulate synapses
d. regulate chemical and ionic environment
e. form scar tissue
f. act as phagocytes
Types of glial cells
1. Astrocytes
2. Microglia
a. act as phagocytes
b. part of brain’s immune system
Types of glial cells
1. Astrocytes
2. Microglia
3. Oligodendroglia
myelinate axons of central nervous system
Types of glial cells
1. Astrocytes
2. Microglia
3. Oligodendroglia
4. Schwann cells
myelinate axons of peripheral nervous system
Related documents