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Horse Nutrition Bob Coleman Ph. D. PAS Extension Horse Specialist Consider the horse Grazing animal Trickle feeders / nibblers 12 – 16 hours grazing They are not cows Meeting Requirements Forage primary source Where is feed digested Quality of ingredients Total nutrient requirement Nutrient content of common hay (dry matter basis) Type DE Mcal / lb Protein % Legume hay Grass hay Mixed Hay 1.03 0.83 0.94 18.7 9.0 13.5 Adapted from NRC 1989 Hay type affects intake and nutrient intake Feed Type A Mixed hay 17.5 Grass Hay B 21 This is for an 1100 lb horse at maintenance. Intakes are as fed lbs /horse /day A = 1.6 % body weight B = 1.9% body weight Commercial Feeds Source of nutrients calories protein minerals vitamins Convenient Small amount needed 2- 6 lbs per horse 1 bag = 12.5 days /horse 1 ton = 500 days/horse Commercial Feeds Commercial feeds sweet feed pelleted feed Custom mixes Grain mixes Cereal grains corn & oats barley, milo , wheat Calories Starch Processing ground rolled crimped steam flaked Oats > corn >barley Commercial Feeds Supplement pellets Supplements Minerals and vitamins Alternative feeds Alfalfa products Beet pulp Soy Hulls Distillers Grains Corn Gluten Feed Alternative feeds Alfalfa products cubes hay replacement lb for lb pellets nutrient source controlled intakes Alternative feeds Beet pulp / Soy Hulls calories fermentation controlled intakes useful Alternative feeds Distillers Grains Corn Gluten Feed calories protein limited use 10-15% of total diet Salt free choice Plain or TM ? Block or Loose? Minerals calcium and phosphorus TM added salt added Block or loose Forage intake estimates Hay Minimum = 1% body weight Typical = 1.5 – 2.0 % body weight Upper limits = 2.5 – 3% body weight Total intake will reflect forage quality Forage intake estimates Pasture 1.5 – 3.1 % body weight per 24 hours Concentrate use Fed for many reasons balance forage nutrients meet specific nutrient requirements the owner wants to Concerns over feeding fat horses with issues Concentrate use Starch controlled intakes 2 -3 grams per kg body weight / meal Grain meal = 5 lbs per meal Meals no closer than 5 hrs Feeding Management Forage primary nutrient source Quality forage NO MOLD Concentrate as required Change feeds gradually 21 -28 day adaptation Feed them like a horse
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