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The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 1 1.1 Policy and legal framework Climate change to date has focussed mainly on mitigation and the 3rd National Communication (NC) is currently being prepared. A progress report in 2012 noted that the energy sector is beginning to integrate climate change mitigation into policy; monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) needs strengthening, and more administrative capacity is needed to enforce climate change legislation. There is ongoing work on mitigation in the priority sectors of: buildings, waste and energy. The work on adaptation includes vulnerability assessments for the forestry, biodiversity and tourism sectors, the south-east region (water resources and health risks) and a cross-sectoral assessment for the south-east region. It also includes the development of an action plan on adaptation. Future plans include developing a law on climate action, a long-term strategy on GHG limitation and developing a structure within a high level body such as Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning (MoEPP). Institutions and responsibilities as described in the document ‘South East European Climate Change Framework Action Plan for Adaptation’: MoEPP: NFP for UNFCCC, Designated National Authority (DNA) for the Kyoto Protocol implementation, a Climate Change Project Office was set up within the Ministry National Climate Change Committee (NCCC) was established as an advisory body for policymaking related to climate change issues According to the ‘The FYR Macedonia 2011 Progress Report’ some progress was made on general policy developments and the revision of the national climate action plan was initiated. According to ‘South east European Climate Change Framework Action Plan for Adaptation’ an Intersectorial Action Plan on Adaptation for the period 2008 – 2011 was developed. Information on the national strategies and platforms for risk reduction from climate change can be found in the document Climate Vulnerability Assessment, Republic of Macedonia. 1.2 Impact, vulnerability and adaptation information and assessments Mean annual temperatures have been observed to rise, while annual precipitation has been observed to decrease. Climate change projections show that average temperature should increase, while precipitation ranges should decrease. The largest increase in temperature is expected in summer, associated with a strong decrease in precipitation. More detailed information can be found in the ‘Second National Communication on Climate Change.’ Most of the natural hazards are related to hydrometeorology and weather and climate conditions; droughts, winds and storms, heavy rains, river and city floods, flash floods, landslides, wild fires, and extreme temperatures, for a detailed description refer to the document ‘Strengthening MultiHazard Early Warning Systems and Risk Assessment in the Western Balkans and Turkey: Assessment of capacities, gaps and needs.’ The ‘Second National Communication on Climate Change’ also contains the analysis of sectoral impacts and recommendations for adaptation relative to the following sectors: sectoral analyses, followed by sectoral recommendations for adaptation agriculture expected yield decrease as result of climate change impact; biodiversity: the alpine zone is the most vulnerable to climate change due to the most intensive air temperature rise in alpine and subalpine regions, according to the local climate scenarios; loss of the alpine belt can be expected; 1 forestry: possible climate change impacts are forest dieback, increased population of some pests, migration of tree species towards higher altitudes and change of composition of current forests; increase in number of forest fires and burned area; health: decrease in the total annual monthly mortality in some of the colder months is expected, while in the warmer months an increase of the total annual monthly mortality is expected; tourism: mountain and lakeside tourism destinations are considered particularly vulnerable to climate change; water resources: as a consequence of reduced precipitations annual average river discharge will be reduced. More information can also be found in ‘Climate Vulnerability Assessment, Republic of Macedonia’. Specific information on the economic impact of climate change can be found in ‘Assessing the Economic Impact of Climate Change.’ Moreover for impacts on the agricultural sector information can be found in ‘Looking Beyond the Horizon.’ Specific information on human health impacts, including a specific section on impact on infectious diseases, can be found in ‘Climate change and communicable diseases - A manual for health workers of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.’ Climate Services/Met Office 1.3 Priority sectors for adaptation action The National Climate Change Health Adaptation Strategy envisages objectives and activities that will be carried out by the health sector in cooperation with the other relevant sectors in the country. Its goal is to interlink with other strategies in this area developed by other sectors and to form part of the chain of activities aimed at reducing the impact of climate change on people’s health (see ‘Climate change - health adaption strategy and action plan of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia’ and ‘Heat-health action plan - to prevent the heat wave consequences on the health of the population in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia’). 1.4 Local action Information on adaptation to climate change for the health sector can be found in the document Climate change - health adaption strategy and action plan of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. 1.5 Summary table Item National1 Strategy Action Plans Status Adaptation Being developed for health Being developed for health Impacts, vulnerability and adaptation assessments 1 Currently being undertaken Web links (Max 4 per item) please add url for heat health action plan Länder/national/subnational regions information shall be included in this section 2 Research programs Currently being undertaken please provide url of: Climate Services / Met Office Web Portal 1.6 Established Online Being developed Monitoring, Indicators, Methodologies Being developed for health Second National Communication on the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change Submitted The Research Centre for Energy, Informatics and Materials of the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts (ICEIM-MANU) The Centre for Climate Change and Energy Technologies, within the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of Ss. Cyril and Methodius University http://www.meteo.gov. mk/ http://unfccc.int/resour ce/docs/natc/macnc2.p df Contact details Please provide an official contact name and organization for the Ministry with responsibility for Climate Change Adaptation………… 1.7 Gaps in knowledge During the workshop held in Belgrade in Belgrade on 22-23 April 2013 the following opinion was voiced: Assistance from EEA would be welcome to support: developing guidance, drafting the law on climate change, capacity-building of Ministry of Environment and physical planning (MoEPP) and Local Self Government Units (LSGU) staff; and capacity-building for inter-sectoral activities. 1.8 References European Commission, 2011.The FYR Macedonia 2011 Progress Report http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/key_documents/2011/package/mk_rapport_2011_en.pdf Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, 2008.Second National Communication on Climate Change http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/macnc2.pdf SEE/VCCC, REC, RHMSS, 2008.South east European Climate Change Framework Action Plan for Adaptation. http://www.seevccc.rs/CCFAP-A/CCFAP-A.pdf 3 SEEFCCA, 2012. Climate Vulnerability Assessment, Republic of Macedonia http://www.seeclimateforum.org/upload/document/cva_macedonia_-_english_web_09-10-2012.pdf UNDP, 2011. Assessing the Economic Impact of Climate Change http://www.undp.org/content/dam/the_former_yugoslav_republic_of_macedonia/docs/Economic%2 0Impact%20of%20Climate%20Change.pdf WB, 2013.Looking Beyond the Horizon http://elibrary.worldbank.org/content/book/9780821397688 WHO/Europe, 2011. Climate change - health adaption strategy and action plan of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia http://www.euro.who.int/en/where-we-work/member-states/the-former-yugoslav-republic-ofmacedonia/publications3/climate-change-health-adaption-strategy-and-action-plan-of-the-formeryugoslav-republic-of-macedonia WHO/Europe, 2011. Heat-health action plan - to prevent the heat wave consequences on the health of the population in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia http://www.euro.who.int/en/where-we-work/member-states/the-former-yugoslav-republic-ofmacedonia/publications3/heat-health-action-plan-to-prevent-the-heat-wave-consequences-on-thehealth-of-the-population-in-the-former-yugoslav-republic-of-macedonia WHO/Europe, 2011. Climate change and communicable diseases - A manual for health workers of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia http://www.euro.who.int/en/where-we-work/member-states/the-former-yugoslav-republic-ofmacedonia/publications3/climate-change-and-communicable-diseases-a-manual-for-health-workersof-the-former-yugoslav-republic-of-macedonia WMO, 2012.Strengthening Multi-Hazard Early Warning Systems and Risk Assessment in the Western Balkans and Turkey: Assessment of capacities, gaps and needs. http://library.wmo.int/opac/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=10658 Further reading author, year, title and URL ENVSEC, UNEP, 2013 Climate Change Adaptation in South Eastern Europe A Background Report. http://www.unep.at/documents_unep/ENVSEC/Climate_Change/CCSEE-Final.pdf GIZ, 2013 Legal Aspects of Climate Change, The Framework in the EU, Germany and Danube-Sava Basin Organisations WB Country Note, 2010 Climate Change and Agriculture WB, launched in 2011 The Green Growth and Climate Change Analytic and Advisory Support Program 4