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Download Volcanic character Plate tectonics and volcanoes Types of lava
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Plate tectonics and volcanoes Internal processes: Volcanic character Reading: This week: Ch 5 Next week: Ch 6 Environmental Geology – Volcanic character Igneous rock classification Types of lava Environmental Geology – Volcanic character Volcano settings Environmental Geology – Volcanic character Environmental Geology – Volcanic character 1 Types of volcano: Volcano plumbing Fissure eruptions Magma composition: mafic …flows Tectonic environment: seafloor spreading and hotspots Environmental Geology – Volcanic character Types of volcano: Environmental Geology – Volcanic character Types of volcano: Curtain of fire Shield volcanoes Kilauea, Hawaii, 1983 Mauna Loa, Hawaii, 1984 Other examples are found on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Iceland Environmental Geology – Volcanic character Magma composition: mafic …flows Tectonic environment: seafloor spreading and hotspots Environmental Geology – Volcanic character 2 Types of volcano: Types of volcano: Shield volcanoes Volcanic domes Mauna Key from Mauna Loa Mount St Helens Magma composition: felsic …viscous Tectonic environment: above subduction zones Environmental Geology – Volcanic character Types of volcano: Environmental Geology – Volcanic character Types of volcano: Cinder cones Composite volcanoes Magma composition: andesitic: can be explosive or can flow Tectonic environment: above subduction zones Magma composition: felsic …viscous Tectonic environment: above subduction zones Cerro Negro, Nicaragua, 1968 Environmental Geology – Volcanic character Environmental Geology – Volcanic character 3 Types of volcano: Volcanic hazard: Composite volcanoes Lava Vesuvius Kilauea eruption 1959-1960, Hawaii Mount St Helens Environmental Geology – Volcanic character Volcanic hazard: Environmental Geology – Volcanic character Volcanic hazard: Lava Lava Lava flows on Hawaii Environmental Geology – Volcanic character Environmental Geology – Volcanic character 4 Volcanic hazard: Volcanic hazard: Ash fall Ash fall Environmental Geology – Volcanic character Volcanic hazard: Environmental Geology – Volcanic character Volcanic hazard: Ash fall Ash fall A buried city: Pompeii, AD 79 Montserrat 1997 Environmental Geology – Volcanic character Environmental Geology – Volcanic character 5 Volcanic hazard: Volcanic hazard: Pyroclastic flows Pyroclastic flows Environmental Geology – Volcanic character Volcanic hazard: Environmental Geology – Volcanic character Volcanic hazard: Pyroclastic flows Lahars Mount St Helens, 1980 Armero Columbia 1985 Environmental Geology – Volcanic character Environmental Geology – Volcanic character 6 Volcanic hazard: Volcanic hazard: Gasses Lahars: Mount St Helens Lake Nyos, Cameroon Environmental Geology – Volcanic character Environmental Geology – Volcanic character 7
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