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Ancient Middle East Notes
Pages 6-10
Mesopotamia: “land between rivers (Tigris and Euphrates)” Fertile Crescent
5000-4000 BC:
- Sumerians establish civilization in Mesopotamia
- Built cities from river mud
- Developed cuneiform system of writing on clay tablets
2000 BC:
- Sumerians conquered by a Semitic people called Babylonians
- Established Babylon (“gate of the gods”) near modern-day Baghdad
- Babylonians translated Epic of Gilgamesh, originally a Sumerian piece of
literature
- Developed the Code of Hammurabi (282 strict laws)
900 BC:
- Assyrians conquer Babylonians
- Establish Nineveh (230 miles north of Baghdad)
- Preserved Sumerian and Babylonian literature
612 BC:
- Assyrians were overthrown
- Nebuchadnezzar rebuilds Babylon
539 BC:
- Babylon falls to Cyrus the Great of Persia
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