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BL4010
PROTEIN MODIFICATION
1. Proteolytic processing
2. Phosphorylation
3. Sulfonation
4. Amidation
5. Glycosylation
6. Hydroxylation
7. Ubiquitination
8. Addition of prosthetic groups
9. Iodination
10. Adenylation
11. Prenylation
a. Farnesylation
b. Geranylgeranylation
12. Myristoylation
13. Alkylation
a. Methylation
b. Acetylation
14. Crosslinking
15. N-Glutamyl cyclization
16. Carboxylation
17. Cyclization
18. GPI anchor
N-terminal modification
Proteolytic processing
Signal peptide (pre-peptide)
Endopeptidase (pro-peptide)
Aminopeptidase
Acetylation
Glutamyl cyclization
Myristoylation (on Cys)
Deformylase (formyl Met)
Methylation of Ala
Acetylation of Ser
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ALA
CYS: 8, 10, 12, 13a, 14,
ASP: 2, 4,13a, 16
GLU: 4, 13a, 16, 17
PHE:
GLY: 6
HIS: 2, 8, 13a
ILE
LYS: 1, 6, 7, 8, 10, 13a, 13,b, 14, 16
LEU
MET: 8
ASN: 5, 16, 13a,
HYP: 5, 13a
PRO: 6,
GLN: 13a,
ARG: 1, 13a,
SER: 2, 3, 5, 8, 13
THR: 2, 3, 5, 8, 13
VAL
TRP: 6
TYR: 8, 9, 10, 14, 2
N-term: 1, 13b, 17
C-term: 4, 13a, 11, 18
C-terminal modifications
Proteolytic processing
Endopeptidase
Carboxypeptidase
Amidation
Prenylation
Farnesylation
Geranylgeranylation
GPI anchor
BL4010
PROTEIN MODIFICATION
GROUP SPECIFIC MODIFICATION
(not every amino acid bearing these groups
will get modified!!)
Hydroxyl modification
Phosphorylation ( ~OH  ~OPO4-)
Sulfonation (~OH  ~OSO3Methylation (~OH  ~OCH3)
Glycosylation (~OH  ~OGalNac-)
Prosthetic groups (metal binding)
Amino modification
Methylation (~NH2  ~NHCH3)
Acetylation (~NH2  NHCOCH3)
Carboxylation (~NH2  ~NHCOO-)
Myristoylation (~NH2  ~NHCO)
Glycosylation (~NH2  ~OGlcNac)
Adenylation (~NH2  ~NHOADP)
Hydroxylation (~NH2  ~NHOH)
Imino modification
Methylation (>NH  >NCH3)
Phosphorylation (>NH  >NOPO3-)
Prosthetic groups (metals, heme)
Carboxyl modification
Amidation (COO-  COONH2)
GPI anchor (COO-  COglycerylPI)
Prosthetic groups (metal binding)
Sulhydryl modification
Acylation (SH  S)
Cross-linking (SH  S-S)
Methylation (SH  SCH3)
Prosthetic groups (metal binding)
Prenylation (SH  S)
Indole modification
Hydroxylation (>NH  >NOH)
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