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Name______________________________ Date_______Period_____ Sedimentary Rock Identification Objective: You will determine the name of unknown sedimentary rocks based on their physical characteristics using the Earth Science Reference Tables. Materials: Unknown sedimentary rock samples Earth Science Reference Tables Directions: For each unknown sedimentary rocks, identify the key physical characteristics. Using your Earth Science Reference Tables, determine the name of the sedimentary rock based on the observed characteristics. Vocabulary: Clastic__________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Lithification______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Veneer__________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Cementation_____________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Compaction______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Precipitation (from solution)________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Organic_________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Fossiliferous_____________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Sedimentary Rock Identification 47 First, take some time to familiarize yourself with the flow of the identification chart. The chart is read by deciding on the texture first. The outline below may be helpful as a guide: The texture and composition of sedimentary rocks are determined by the environment in which they form. As you already know, sediments sort out by size, both vertically and horizontally. Horizontal sorting is a major factor in where different sedimentary rocks form. Sedimentary Rock Identification 48 Sample A: Is the sample: Clastic Chemical Organic How can you tell?____________________________________________________ If the sample is clastic, what size particles does it contain?_________________ How was this sedimentary rock formed?_________________________________ What is the name of this sedimentary rock?______________________________ Sample B: Is the sample: Clastic Chemical Organic How can you tell?____________________________________________________ If the sample is clastic, what size particles does it contain?_________________ How was this sedimentary rock formed?_________________________________ What is the name of this sedimentary rock?______________________________ Sample C: Is the sample: Clastic Chemical Organic How can you tell?____________________________________________________ If the sample is clastic, what size particles does it contain?_________________ How was this sedimentary rock formed?_________________________________ What is the name of this sedimentary rock?______________________________ Sedimentary Rock Identification 49 Sample D: Is the sample: Clastic Chemical Organic How can you tell?____________________________________________________ If the sample is clastic, what size particles does it contain?_________________ How was this sedimentary rock formed?_________________________________ What is the name of this sedimentary rock?______________________________ Sample E: Is the sample: Clastic Chemical Organic How can you tell?____________________________________________________ If the sample is clastic, what size particles does it contain?_________________ How was this sedimentary rock formed?_________________________________ What is the name of this sedimentary rock?______________________________ Sample F: Is the sample: Clastic Chemical Organic How can you tell?____________________________________________________ If the sample is clastic, what size particles does it contain?_________________ How was this sedimentary rock formed?_________________________________ What is the name of this sedimentary rock?______________________________ Sedimentary Rock Identification 50 Sample G: Is the sample: Clastic Chemical Organic How can you tell?____________________________________________________ If the sample is clastic, what size particles does it contain?_________________ How was this sedimentary rock formed?_________________________________ What is the name of this sedimentary rock?______________________________ Sample H: Is the sample: Clastic Chemical Organic How can you tell?____________________________________________________ If the sample is clastic, what size particles does it contain?_________________ How was this sedimentary rock formed?_________________________________ What is the name of this sedimentary rock?______________________________ Discussion Questions: 1. In the space below, draw a pebble of maximum size. Sedimentary Rock Identification 51 2. What are the maximum and minimum dimensions (size range) for the following particle sizes? a. Cobble______________________________________________________ b. Pebble______________________________________________________ c. Sand_______________________________________________________ 3. How can you distinguish a clastic (fragmental) sedimentary rock from a chemically formed sedimentary rock?_________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 4. Describe the sequence of events in the formation of an evaporite. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 5. Describe the sequence of events in the lithification of sandstone. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 6. Explain why sedimentary rocks are found as a veneer covering large areas of the continental igneous rocks. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Conclusion: On what basis can sedimentary rocks be identified? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Sedimentary Rock Identification 52
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