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Chapter 4 Tissues and Membranes © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Tissues • • • • • Tissues are groups of cells (four main types) Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Muscle tissue Nervous tissue © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert- Bellacov Epithelial Tissue 1. Covering and Lining • Squamous epithelial cells • Cuboidal epithelial cells • Columnar epithelial cells © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Epithelial Tissue Glandular and Secretory • Endocrine gland cells • Exocrine gland cells © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Animation – Exocrine and Endocrine Glands Click Here to play Exocrine and Endocrine animation © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Connective Tissue 1. Adipose= Fat • Stores lipid • Acts as filler tissue • Cushions, supports, and insulates the body © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Connective Tissue Areolar (Loose) • Elastin tissue • Collagen © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Connective Tissue 2.Dense Fibrous • • • • Ligaments Tendons Aponeuroses Fasciae © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Connective Tissue Supportive • Osseous (bone) tissue • Cartilage – Hyaline – Fibrocartilage – Elastic cartilage © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Connective Tissue Vascular (liquid blood tissue) • Blood • Lymph © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Muscle Tissue (3 types) • Cardiac • Skeletal (striated voluntary) • Smooth (nonstriated involuntary) © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Nervous Tissue • Conductivity © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Effects of Aging on Tissue • Cells become larger and less able to divide and reproduce • Increase in pigments and lipids inside cell • Waste products accumulate in the tissue – Cell membranes change and carbon dioxide and wastes have difficulty getting out – Many tissues lose mass and atrophy © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Membranes • Two thin layers of tissue together form a membrane Either • Epithelial membranes • Connective membranes © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Epithelial Membranes- subdivided two • Mucous membranes leads to outside – Respiratory mucosa – Gastric mucosa • Serous membranes (parietal and visceral) – Pleural membrane – Pericardial membrane – Peritoneal membrane (abdominal) • Cutaneous membranes © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning skin Connective Membranes • Synovial membrane – Two layers of connective tissue • Lines joint cavities • Secrete synovial fluid which prevents friction inside the joint cavity © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Organs • An organ is tissues grouped together to form a specific function • Organs coordinate their activities to form a complete functional organism • Organ system – Group of organs that act together to perform a specific, related function © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Organ Systems • • • • • Skeletal Muscular Digestive Respiratory Circulatory © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Organ Systems • • • • • Excretory Nervous Endocrine Reproductive Integumentary © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Tissue and Organ Transplant • Blood transfusions are an example of a tissue transplant • All transplants (tissue and organs) must be cross-matched so recipient’s immune system won’t attack the donated organ • Rejection is main problem in organ transplants © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Disease and Injury to Tissue • • • • • Infection Inflammation Trauma Abnormal growth of cells Birth defects © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Tissue Repair • Primary repair • Secondary repair clean wound – Large tissue loss – Granulation occurs creating area for healing © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
