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Supplemental Table Table S1: Specific genes previously identified as having a functional role in salinity tolerance in crustaceans. GENE Aquaporin 3 (AQP) Calreticulin (CRT) Na+/K+- ATPase (NKA) Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC) Carbonic anhydrase (CA) V type- (H+) ATPase ILF2 (interlukin enhancer binding factor 2) Alkaline phosphatase Selenophosphate (SPS1) Integrin ABC protein C12 (ABCC 12) P38 MAP kinase USP Na+/H-exchanger Ca2+ -ATPase Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator (CFTR) Arginine kinase OST complex Acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP) Catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) Mitochondrial carrier protein FUNCTION cell volume regulation and water permeability under stress signal transduction in many biological processes of growth, moulting and stress response creating an electrochemical gradient across the cell membrane in the gills of crustaceans for actively absorb or release ions transport ions into gill cells either from the blood or media based on salinity involved in all main gill function such as regulation of Na+, Cl-, H+, HCO3(specifically in low salinities) role in salinity acclimation and osmoregulation a transcriptional regulator against biotic stresses involved in salinity acclimation and osmoregulation response involved in salinity tolerance, oxidative role involved in salinity stress REFERENCE (Gao, 2009) functional role in osmoregulation and salinity tolerance under osmotic stresses regulation processes (mRNA stability, protein degradation) under environmental stress involved in salinity tolerance regulation of Na+ and H- levels and involved in regulation of extracellular acid-base involved in Ca2+ regulation and calcification regulation of Cl- channels and increases the osmoregulatory capacity involved in active ion transport across membrane maintaining homeostasis during salinity/osmotic stress (Liu et al., 2012) role in salinity tolerance and adaptation within low and high salinity levels association with low and high salinity and crucial role within salinity stresses involved in osmoregulation signal transduction (Kiruthika et al., 2013) 29 (Luana et al., 2007) (Santos et al., 2007) (Boudour-Boucheker et al., 2014) (Faleiros et al., 2010) (Henry et al., 2003) (Tsai and Lin, 2007) (Barman et al., 2012) (Lovett et al., 1994) (Gillanders et al., 2003) (Pongsomboon et al., 2009) (He et al., 2013) (Kotlyar et al., 2000) (Freire et al., 2008) (Freire et al., 2008) (Bodinier et al., 2009) (Kotlyar et al., 2000) (Pongsomboon et al., 2009) (Rajesh et al., 2012) (Menze et al., 2005)