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AP Psychology Vocabulary Card Words: Vocabulary Cards for the Chapter due on the day of the chapter test unless otherwise noted by the instructor. Cards should be created for each word/concept listed and laid out as instructed below. It is very important to STUDY these cards as we prepare for unit tests as well as the AP exam. Front of Card: Back of Card Word Definition of Word Visual (picture) Application of word (sentence or example) Color code to indicate chapter section Chapter 1: The Science of Psychology (Color Green) Psychology Objective Introspection Wilhelm Wundt Functionalism Gestalt Psychology Sigmund Freud Edward Titchener Structuralism Psychoanalysis Behaviorism William James Structuralism John Watson Psychodynamic perspective Cognitive perspective Psychoanalyst Psychiatric social worker Experiment Operational definition Independent Variable Dependent Vairable Experimental Group Control Group Random Assignment Placebo Effect Experimenter Effect Single Blind Study Double Blind Study Critical THinking Charles Darwin Population Correlation Correlation Coefficient Cognitive neuroscience Sociocultural perspective Biopsychological perspective Evolutionary perspective Psychiatrist psychologist Scientific method Hypothesis Replicate Observer effect Participant observation Observer Bias Case study Representative sample Ethics Chapter 2: The Biological Perspective (Color Green) Nervous System Neuroscience Biological Psychology/Behavioral Neuroscience Neuron Dendrites Soma Resting potential Action potential All-or-none Acetylcholine Serotonin GABA Sensory pathway Motor pathway Sympathetic division (fight-or-flight system) Axon terminals Synaptic knob Synaptic vesicles Glutamine Norepineephrine Dopamine Parasympathetic division Deep lesioning Electroencephalograph Axon Glial cells Neurotransmitter Synapse Myelin Receptor sites Endorphins Central Nervous System Spinal Cord Nerves Reuptake Stem cells Peripheral nervous system Somatic nervous system Thalamus Olfactory bulbs Hypothalamus Hippocampus amygdala Hormones Pituitary gland gonads Excitatory synapse Inhibitory synapse Agonists Antagonists Afferent Neuron Efferent Neuron Interneuron Reflex arc Computed tomography Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Medulla Pons Retricular formation (RF) Cerebellum Autonomic nervous system Cortex Cerebral hemispheres Corpus callosum Occipital lobe Parietal lobe Pineal gland Thyroid gland Pancreas neuroplasticity Limbic system Somatosensory cortex Temporal lobes Frontal lobes Motor cortex Association areas Ovaries Testies Adrenal glands Broca’s Aphasia Wernicke’s aphasia Spatial Neglect Cerebrum Endocrine glands Mirror neurons Sensory conflict theory Perception Size constancy Shape constancy Brightness constancy Figure-ground Reversible figures Proximity Similarity Closure Contiguity Depth perception Monocular cues Binocular cues Linear perspective Relative size Overlap (interposition) Aerial perspective Texture gradient Motion parallax Accommodation Convergence Binocular disparity Muller-lyon illusion Perceptual set Top-down processing Bottom-up processing Parapsychology Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception (Color Yellow) Synesthesia Sensation Transduction JND Absolute threshold Habituation Sensory adaptation Visual accommodation Rods Cones Blind spot Dark adaptation Light adaptation Trichromatic theory Afterimages Opponent-process theory Hertz (hz) Pinna Auditory canal Cochlea Auditory nerve Pitch Place theory Frequency theory Volley principle Gustation Olfaction Olfactory bulbs Somesthetic senses Skin senses Kinesthetic sense Vestibular senses Chapter 4: COnciousness: Sleep, Dreams, Hypnosis and Drugs (Color Yellow) Conciousness Waking consciousness REM paralysis REM rebound Hypersomnia Circadian rhythm disorders Stimulants Depressants Altered state of consciousness Circadian rhythym Microsleeps Sleep deprivation Nightmares Enuresis Narcotics REM behavior disorder Sleepwalking Night terrors Hallucinogenics Amphetamines Cocaine Adaptive theory Insomnia Restorative theory Rapid eye movement Sleep apnea Narcolepsy Non-REM sleep Alpha waves Theta waves Delta waves Somnambulism Night terrors Restless leg syndrome Nocturnal leg cramps Heroin hallucionegens PCP LSD Manifest content Latent content Activation-synthesis hypothesis Activation-informationmode model (AIM) Hypnosis Social-cognititve theory of hypnosis Psychoactive drugs Physical dependence Withdrawl Psychological dependence MDMA (Ecstasy) Stimulatory Hallucionogenics Nicotine Caffeine Barbiturates Benzodiazepines Alcohol Opium Morphine Psilocybin Mescaline Marijuana Chapter 5: Learning (Color Blue) Learning Classical Conditioning Unconditioned Stimulus Unconditioned response Neutral stimulus Conditioned stimulus Conditioned response Vicarious conditioning Conditioned taste aversion Biological preparedness Stimulus substitution Cognitive perspective Operant conditioning Law of effect Punishment by removal Shaping Biofeedback Neurofeedback Pavlov’s Dog Operant Stimulus generalization Reinforcement Stimulus discrimination Primary reinforcer Extinction Reinforcer Spontaneous recovery Higher-order conditioning Conditioned emotional response (CER) Secondary reinforcer Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement Punishment Successive approximations Discriminative stimulus Partial reinforcement effect Continuous reinforcement Fixed interval schedule of reinforcement Variable interval schedule of reinforcement Fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement Variable ratio schedule of reinforcement Discriminative stimuli Instinctive draft Behavior modification Token economy Latent learning Insight Learned helplessness Observational learning Learning/performance distinction Punishment by application Applied behavior analysis (ABA) Chapter 6: Memory (Color Blue) Memory Long term memory (LTM) Primacy effect Encoding Storage Elaborative rehearsal Procedural (nondeclarative) memory Anterograde amnesia Implicit memory Recency effect False positive Retroactive interference Consolidation Retrograde amnesia Automatic encoding Flashbulb memories Anterograde amnesia Infantile amnesia Declarative memory Autobiographical memory Semantic memory Constructive processing Hindsight bias Episodic memory Explicit memory Semantic network model Retreival cue Encoding specificity Misinformation effect Curve of forgetting Distributed practice Encoding failure Memory trace Recall Recognition Serial position effect Decay Disuse Proactive interference Retrieval Information processing model Levels-of-processing model Parallel distributed processing (PDP) model Sensory memory Iconic memory Eidetic imagery Echoic memory Short term memory (STM) Selective attention Working memory Maintenance rehearsal Chapter 7: Cognition: Thinking, Intelligence and Language (Color Red) Thinking (cognition) Mental images Concepts Functional fixedness Mental set Confirmation bias Superordinate concept Basic level type Creativity Confirmation bias Subordinate concept Formal concepts Natural concepts Creativity Convergent thinking Diveregent thinking Prototype Problem solving Trial and error Algorithims Intelligence G factor S factor Gardners multiple intelligences Practical intelligence Stanford-Binet test Intelligence Quotient (IQ) Wechsler Tests Reliability Validity Deviation IQ scores Developmetally delayed Gifted Emotional intelligence Twin Studies Bell Curve Morphemes Semantics Phonemes Pragmatics Linguistic relativity hypothesis Cognitive universalism Cognitive reserve Heuristic Triarchic theory of intelligence Analytical intelligence Creative intelligence Means-end analysis Artificial intelligence (AI) Chapter 8: Motivation and Emotion (Color Red) Motivation Extrinsic Motivation Intrinsic Motivation Instincts Instinct approach Need Drive Drive-reduction theory Primary drives Acquired (secondary) drives Homeostasis Need for achievement (nAch) Need for Affiliation (nAff) Need for Power (nPow) Stimulus motive Language Grammar Syntax Arousal theory Yekes-Dodson law Sensation seeker Incentives Incentive approaches Expectancy value theories Maslow’s hierarchy of needs Self-actualization Peak experiences Self-determination theory (SDT) Insulin Glucagons Weight set point Basal metabolic rate (BMR) Social Components of Hunger Obesity Anorexia Nervosa Leptin Bulimia Nervosa Signs of eating disorders Emotion Emotional expression Display rules Common sense theory of emotion James-Lange theory of emotion Cannon-Bard Theory of emotion Cognitive arousal theory Facial feedback hypothesis Cognitive-mediational theory Positive psychology movement Chapter 9: Stress and Health (Color Purple) Health Psychology Frustration Stress Uncontrollability Stressors Distress Eustress Catastrophe Acute Stress Disorder Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) College Undergraduate Stress Scale (CUSS) Hassles Internal Frustrations Persistance Aggression Displaced Agression Displacement Escape or withdrawl Pressure Multiple approachavoidance conflict General adaptation syndrome (GAS) Alarm Resistance Exhaustion Immune system Psychoneuroimmunology Heart Disease Type A personality Type B Personality Approach-Approach conflict Avoidance-avoidance conflict Cancer Type C personality The Hardy Personality Optimists Pessimists Alternative Thinking Downward Social Comparison Relaxation Natural killer cell Burnout Approach-avoidance conflicts Double approachavoidance conflict Primary appraisal Acculturative stress Secondary appraisal Social Support system Psychological defense mechanisms Meditation Denial Rationalization Regression Projection Reaction formation Represssion Displacement Identification Compensation (substitution) Sublimination Concentrative meditation Receptive meditation Coping strategies Chapter 10: Development Across the Life Span (Color Grey) Human Development Longitudal Design Ovum Fertilization Motor development Piaget’s Theory Cross-Sectional design Zygote Cognitive development Cross-sequential design Nature Nurture Prenatal Genetics DNA Monozygotic twins Dizygotic twins Conjoined twins Germinal period Embryo Embryonic period Scheme Sensorimotor stage Object permanence Preoperational stage Egocentrism Centration Gene Chromosomes Dominant (gene) Critical periods Teratogen Fetal period Recessive (gene) Fetus Adolensence Conception Preconventional morality Conventional morality Postconventional morality Ego integrity Puberty Reflexes Identity versus role confusion Adulthood Menopause Conservation Irreversibility Concrete operations stage Formal operations stage Personal Fable Vygotsky’s theory Andropause Cellular clock theory Wear-and-tear theory Activity Theory Scaffolding Zone of proximal development (ZPD) Stages of Language Development Tempermant Attatchment Secure Avoidant Ambivilent Disorganizeddisoriented Erikson’s Theory Gender Gender Roles Gender Typing Imaginary Audience Gender Identify Authoritarian parenting Intimacy Generativity Permissive parenting Permissive neglectful Stages of Death and Dying Free-radical Theory Permissive Indulgent Erik Erikson Habits Social Cognitive Learning Theorist Social Cognitive View Ideal self Positive regard Unconditional positive regard Conditional positive regard Authoritative Parenting Chapter 11: Theories of Personality (Color Brown) Personality Character Temperament Phallic Stage Oedipus Complex Identification Unconcious Mind Latency Id Genital Stage Ego Superego Pleasure Principle Reality Principle Concience Fixation Psychoanalysis Neo-Freudians Personal Unconcious Collective unconscious Archetypes Carl Jung Psychosexual Stages Alfred Adler Oral Stage Anal Stage Anal Expulsive Personality Introverts Karen Horney Basic Anxiety Neurotic Personalities Reciprocal determinism Fully functioning person Efficacy Trait theories Julian Rotter Trait Self-efficacy Surface traits Locus of control Source traits Expectancy Introversion Humanistic Perspective Five-factor model (Big five Self actualizing Openness tendency Self-concept Conscientousness Self Extraversion Real self Extraverts Twin Studies Halo effect Agreeableness Neuroticism Trait-situation interaction Frequency count Adoption Studies Behavioral Genetics Interview Projection Projective tests Rorschach inkblot tests Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) Subjective Direct Observation Rating Scale Personality Inventory Chapter 12: Psychological Disorders (Color Black) Abnormality Pyschopathology Culture-boundsyndrome Cognitive psychologists Postpartum psychosis Behaviorism Postpartum depression Psychopathology Statistical Definition Social Norm Deviance Situational context Subjective discomfort Maladaptive Psychodynamic view Biopychosocial model Anxiety disorders Free-floating anxiety Phobia Social phobias Specific phobia Psychological disorders Models of Abnormality Biological model Sociocultural perspective Cultural relativity Claustrophobia Acrophobia Agoraphobia Panic attack Panic disorder with agoraphobia Obsessive-compulsive disorder Generalized anxiety disorder Magnification All-or-nothing thinking Overgeneralization Minimization Somatoform disorders Psychosomatic disorder Psychophysiological disorder Hypochondriasis Somatization disorder Conversion disorder Dissociative disorders Panic disorder Dissociative amnesia Dissociative fugue Flat Effect Dissociative identity disorder Depersonalization disorder Mood disorders Dysthymia Cyclothymia Major depression Manic Bipolar disorder Schizophrenia Psychotic Delusions Delusional Disorder Hallucinations Disorganized Schizophernia Catatonic Positive symptoms Personality disorders Negative symptoms Paranoid Stress-vulnerability model Antisocial personality disorders Borderline personality disorders Seasonal affective disorder Phototherapy Chapter 13: Psychological Therapies (Color Black) Therapy Humanistic Therapy Contingency contract Psychotherapy Reflection Extinction Biomedical therapy Unconditional positive regard Time-out Insight therapies Action therapy Empathy Authenticity Psychoanalysis Manifest content Latent content Resistance Transference Gestalt Therapy Behavioral Therapies Behavior Modification or Applied Behavior Analysis Systematic Desenstization Aversion Therapy Flooding Cognitive Therapy Beck’s Cognitve Therapy Arbitrary Inference Selective Thinking Overgeneralization Directive Modeling Psychodynamic therapy Nondirective Person centered therapy Prefrontal lobotomy Free association Advantages to Group Therapy Disadvantages to Group Therapy Eye-Movement Desensitation Reprocessing (EMDR) Eclectic Therapies Theraputic Alliance Cybertherapy Biomedical Therapies Psychopharmacology Anti-psychotic drugs Participant modeling Magnification and minimization Personification Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Rational-Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) Group Therapy Reinforcement Token economy Family Counseling Self-help Groups Unilateral ECT Psychosurgery Impression formation Social Cognition Social Categorization Scapegoating Social Cognitive Social Identity Theory Antianxiety drugs Antidepressant drugs Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) Bilateral ECT Bilateral cingulotomy Chapter 14: Social Psychology (Color Pink) Social Psychology Social Influence Conformity Social Impairment Social Loafing Attitude Soloman Asch Groupthink Affective Component Behavior Component Consumer Psychology Compliance Foot-in-the-door technique Door-in-the-face technique Norm of Reciprocity Lowball Technique That’s-not-all Tecnique Social Facilitation Persuasion Elaboration Likelihood Model Central-Route Processing Peripheral-Route Processing Cognitive Dissonance Agression Social Role Altruism Bystander Effect Obedience Stanley Milgram Social Identity Social Comparison Cognitive Component Direct Contact Direct Instruction Stereotype Implicit Personality Theory Attribution Attribution Theory Situational Cause Interaction with Others Dispostional Cause Jigsaw Classroom Vicarious Conditioning Fundamental Attribution Error Prejudice Discrimination Interpersonal attraction Proximity Reciprocity of Liking In-Groups Romantic Love Out-Groups Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love Compassionate Love Realistic Conflict Theory Prosocial Behavior Diffusion of Responsibility Sterotype Vulnerability Self-Fulfilling 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