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Fig. 47-1 Chapter 47 Animal Development PowerPoint® Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece 1 mm Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Fig. 47-3-1 Fig. 47-3-2 Basal body (centriole) Sperm head Basal body (centriole) Sperm head Acrosome Hydrolytic enzymes Acrosome Jelly coat Vitelline layer Sperm-binding receptors Egg plasma membrane Fig. 47-3-3 Jelly coat Vitelline layer Sperm-binding receptors Egg plasma membrane Fig. 47-3-4 Sperm plasma membrane Sperm nucleus Sperm nucleus Acrosomal process Basal body (centriole) Sperm head Acrosomal process Basal body (centriole) Sperm head Actin filament Actin filament Fused plasma membranes Acrosome Jelly coat Sperm-binding receptors Hydrolytic enzymes Vitelline layer Egg plasma membrane Acrosome Jelly coat Sperm-binding receptors Hydrolytic enzymes Vitelline layer Egg plasma membrane 1 Fig. 47-3-5 Fig. 47-4 EXPERIMENT Sperm plasma membrane 10 sec after fertilization Sperm nucleus Fertilization envelope Acrosomal process Basal body (centriole) Sperm head 25 sec 35 sec 1 min 10 sec after fertilization 20 sec 30 sec 500 µm RESULTS Actin filament Cortical Fused granule plasma membranes Perivitelline Hydrolytic enzymes space Vitelline layer Acrosome Jelly coat Sperm-binding receptors Egg plasma membrane 1 sec before fertilization 500 µm CONCLUSION Point of sperm nucleus entry EGG CYTOPLASM Fig. 47-4a Spreading wave of Ca2+ Fertilization envelope Fig. 47-4b EXPERIMENT 10 sec after fertilization the distribution of Ca2+ RESULTS 25 sec 35 sec 1 min Fig. 47-4c 500 µm 10 sec after fertilization 1 sec before fertilization 20 sec 30 sec 500 µm Fig. 47-5 Zona pellucida Follicle cell CONCLUSION Point of sperm nucleus entry Spreading wave of Ca2+ Fertilization envelope Sperm Cortical Sperm nucleus granules basal body 2 Fig. 47-6 Fig. 47-8-1 Zygote yg (a) Fertilized egg (b) Four-cell stage (c) Early blastula Fig. 47-8-2 (d) Later blastula Fig. 47-8-3 4-cell stage forming 2-cell stage forming Fig. 47-8-4 Fig. 47-8-5 8-cell stage Animal pole Blastocoel Blastula (cross section) Vegetal pole 3 Fig. 47-8-6 Fig. 47-9-1 0.25 mm 0.25 mm Future ectoderm Future mesoderm Future endoderm Animal pole Animal pole Blastocoel Blastocoel Mesenchyme cells Zygote 2-cell stage forming 4-cell stage forming Vegetal Blastula 8-cell pole (cross stage section) Fig. 47-9-2 Vegetal plate Vegetal pole Fig. 47-9-3 Future ectoderm Future ectoderm Future mesoderm Future mesoderm Future endoderm Future endoderm Filopodia pulling archenteron tip Archenteron Fig. 47-9-4 Fig. 47-9-5 Future ectoderm Future ectoderm Future mesoderm Future mesoderm Future endoderm Future endoderm Ectoderm Blastocoel Archenteron Blastopore Mouth Mesenchyme (mesoderm forms future skeleton) Digestive tube (endoderm) Anus (from blastopore) 4 Fig. 47-9-6 Fig. 47-10-1 Gastrulation in a frog embryo Key Future ectoderm Future mesoderm SURFACE VIEW CROSS SECTION Future endoderm Animal pole Archenteron Animal pole Blastocoel Blastocoel Filopodia pulling archenteron tip Blastocoel Blastocoel Archenteron Blastopore Dorsal lip of blastopore Mesenchyme cells Ectoderm Vegetal plate Vegetal pole Key Blastopore Future ectoderm Mesenchyme Mesenchyme cells (mesoderm forms future skeleton) 50 µm Dorsal lip of blastopore Blastopore Mouth Future mesoderm Digestive tube (endoderm) Early gastrula Vegetal pole Future endoderm Anus (from blastopore) Fig. 47-10-2 Fig. 47-10-3 CROSS SECTION SURFACE VIEW CROSS SECTION SURFACE VIEW Ectoderm Blastocoel shrinking Archenteron Blastocoel remnant Mesoderm Endoderm Archenteron Key Key Blastopore Future ectoderm Future ectoderm Future mesoderm Future mesoderm Future endoderm Future endoderm Fig. 47-12 Late gastrula Blastopore Yolk plug Fig. 47-13 Eye Neural folds Neural fold Somites Tail bud Neural plate Eye Neural tube Notochord Forebrain Somite SEM 1 mm Neural tube Neural Neural fold plate Notochord Neural crest cells Coelom 1 mm Neural crest cells Heart Coelom Archenteron Endoderm Mesoderm Ectoderm Lateral fold Blood vessels Somite Somites Yolk stalk Notochord Ectoderm Endoderm Archenteron Archenteron (digestive cavity) Outer layer of ectoderm Mesoderm Neural crest cells (c) Somites These layers form extraembryonic membranes (a) Early organogenesis Yolk sac Neural tube YOLK (b) Late organogenesis (a) Neural plate formation Neural tube (b) Neural tube formation Early organogenesis in a frog embryo 5 Fig. 47-14 Fig. 47-15 Amnion ECTODERM Epidermis of skin and its derivatives (including sweat glands, hair follicles) Epithelial lining of mouth and anus Cornea and lens of eye Nervous system Sensory receptors in epidermis Adrenal medulla Tooth enamel Epithelium of pineal and pituitary glands MESODERM ENDODERM Notochord Skeletal system Muscular system Muscular layer of stomach and intestine Excretory system Circulatory and lymphatic systems Reproductive system (except germ cells) Dermis of skin Lining of body cavity Adrenal cortex Epithelial lining of digestive tract Epithelial lining of respiratory system Lining of urethra, urinary bladder, and reproductive system Liver Pancreas Thymus Thyroid and parathyroid glands Allantois Embryo Albumen Amniotic cavity with amniotic fluid Shell Yolk (nutrients) Chorion Yolk sac Fig. 47-16-1 Fig. 47-16-2 Expanding region of trophoblast Endometrial epithelium (uterine lining) Uterus Inner cell mass Maternal blood vessel Epiblast p Trophoblast Hypoblast Blastocoel Trophoblast Fig. 47-16-3 Fig. 47-16-4 Expanding region of trophoblast Amniotic cavity Amnion Chorion Ectoderm Epiblast Mesoderm Hypoblast Endoderm Yolk sac (from hypoblast) Yolk sac Extraembryonic mesoderm cells (from epiblast) Extraembryonic mesoderm Chorion (from trophoblast) Atlantois 6 Fig. 47-21a Fig. 47-21b Epidermis Central nervous system Epidermis 64-cell embryos Notochord Blastomeres injected with dye M Mesoderm d Endoderm Blastula Larvae Neural tube stage (transverse section) (b) Cell lineage analysis in a tunicate (a) Fate map of a frog embryo Fig. 47-23b Fig. 47-27 EXPERIMENT Control egg (dorsal view) Experimental egg (side view) Gray crescent Gray crescent Thread RESULTS Normal Belly piece Normal 7
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