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Chapter 4, Section 4: Levels of Human Development and Economic Activity Interpret POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS TO DETERMINE THE LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT AND STANDARD OF LIVING Human ______________________ Index (HDI)- refers to the ___________ of nations done by the United Nations based on a composite data that indicates the level of development in a country 2. Less-developed (______________)– refers to the nations with the ___________ indicators of development; generally characterized by _________ poverty rates, ________ GDP, _______ life expectancy rates, ______ literacy rates and _____________ infant mortality rates 3. Newly developed (Newly _________________) – refers to nations that are experiencing economic shifts towards more industrialization and exportation of products; generally characterized by rising rates of ________________ and data that is not as low as those in ___________-developed nations, but not as high as data indicators in ___________ developed nations 4. More _________________ – refers to nations with ______________ industrialized economies; generally characterized by ______ rates of poverty, ____________ GDP, _________ life expectancy rates, ________ literacy rates and ____________ infant mortality rates 1. Compare WAYS PEOPLE SATISFY THEIR BASIC NEEDS THROUGH THE PRODUCTION OF GOODS AND SERVICES 1. People who practice _________________ farming produce just enough agricultural output to provide for the needs of their family. In comparison, _______________ agriculture is characterized by agricultural surplus output that is sold for profit. 2. ________________ industries are characterized by the small scale production of goods done generally in a home-based setting, such as weaving cloth or making crafts like pottery or jewelry. In comparison __________________ industries produce goods in a larger setting, such as a factory, produce a larger amount of goods, and employ more workers. Understand CONNECTIONS BETWEEN DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES 1. ________________ countries rely more on ___________ and secondary economic activities, while _______________ countries rely more on tertiary and ______________ activities. 2. More developed countries are able to offer more ______________-oriented jobs, while importing raw materials and ________________ goods from developing countries. 3. ________________ activities include those jobs focused on raw extraction of natural resources (e.g., mining, agriculture, fishing, and forestry), 4. _______________ activities are jobs focused on __________________ goods (e.g., manufacturing, construction), Ex. China 5. ________________ activities include those in the _______________ sector (e.g., transportation, sanitary services, commerce and trade), and 6. ________________ activities involve jobs related to ___________________ processing and management (e.g., finance, ___________ industry, high education, __________________). Identify FACTORS AFFECTING LOCATION OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES 1. Factors affecting the location of ____________________ agriculture Favorable climate, access to arable land and water, as well as natural resources 2. Factors affecting the location of _____________________ agriculture Favorable climate, arable land, access to labor, access to water, proximity of transportation corridors 3. Factors affecting the location of ___________________ Availability of labor, infrastructure, capital resources and proximity to transportation corridors 4. Factors affecting the location of _____________________ industries Availability of ___________, capital resources, access to consumers, and proximity to _________________ corridors Assess HOW CHANGES AFFECT LOCATION AND PATTERNS OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES 1. ______________ changes affecting economic patterns Climate changes can affect economic patterns by impacting the output of ___________________ production, such as when droughts occur. Increasing ____________________ results in the movement of agricultural activities. ______________ _________________can cause economic disruptions and relation of businesses, as well as destroying ____________ crops. 2. _______________ affecting economic patterns Access to _________________ resources can affect the location of economic activities. This is evident in the relocation of economic activities to regions with cheaper _____________ as well as the relocation of economic activities to be near _____________ labor, such as locating near higher education facilities. 3. ________________ affecting economic patterns Economic activities tend to be located near _______________ networks that allow for distribution of goods as well as allow for access for consumers. Improvements and lower costs in _____________________ technologies have allowed for _______________________