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Lecture Presentation Chapter 17 Lipids Karen C. Timberlake General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 17 Lipids A clinical lipid specialist • assesses a patient’s current diet and exercise program. • diagnoses and determines treatment including dietary changes. • advises patients on the use of medications that lower lipid levels. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 17 Readiness Core Chemistry Skills • Writing Equations for Hydrogenation, Hydration, and Polymerization (12.7) • Naming Alcohols and Phenols (13.1) • Naming Carboxylic Acids (16.1) • Hydrolyzing Esters (16.5) General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 17.1 Lipids Lipids are • biomolecules that contain fatty acids or a steroid nucleus. • soluble in organic solvents but not in water. • named for the Greek word lipos, which means “fat.” • an important feature in cell membranes, fat-soluble vitamins, and steroid hormones. Steroid Nucleus Learning Goal Describe the classes of lipids. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Types of Lipids Lipids are characterized by their structures: Lipids such as • waxes, • triacylglycerols, • glycerophospholipids, and • sphingolipids are esters that can be hydrolyzed to give fatty acids and other molecules. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Lipids Containing Glycerol Triacylglycerols and glycerophospholipids contain the alcohol glycerol. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Lipids Containing Sphingosine Sphingolipids contain the amino alcohol sphingosine. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Lipids Containing Sphingosine Steroids, which have a completely different structure, do not contain fatty acids and cannot be hydrolyzed. They are characterized by the steroid nucleus of four fused carbon rings. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. General Structure of Lipids Lipids are naturally occurring compounds in cells and tissues. They are soluble in organic solvents but not in water. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Study Check Lipids are characterized by presence of fatty acids or a steroid nucleus. Which type is described by the following? A. contain a fused four-membered ring system B. contain long carbon chains C. include carboxyl groups General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Solution Lipids are characterized by presence of fatty acids or a steroid nucleus. Which type is described by the following? A. contain a fused four-membered ring system steroids B. contain long carbon chains fatty acids C. include carboxyl groups fatty acids General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Study Check Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of lipids? A. may contain a carboxylic acid group B. may contain a four-ring structure C. soluble in water D. mostly nonpolar General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Solution Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of lipids? A. may contain a carboxylic acid group B. may contain a four-ring structure C. soluble in water D. mostly nonpolar The answer is C. Lipids are nonpolar and therefore are NOT soluble in water. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
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