Download Review Sheet for A+P I

Lab 12 - Lab Exam 2
A&P I Review Sheet for Lab Exam 2
Gross Anatomy of the Muscular System
Use the Figures in Exercise 15 and the keys to the models to identify the following
muscles. You are also responsible for the origin,insertion and major action of each
muscle. Use the tables in the lab manual for the actions - do not use the keys or other
materials you may find in the lab. If a muscle has more than one action, learn the most
obvious one. You don't need to learn every action for every muscle.
Locate on models:
Ventral Muscles of the Trunk and Neck (Generally)
external oblique
rectus abdominis
internal oblique
serratus anterior
pectoralis major
sternocleidomastoid
pectoralis minor
transversus abdominis
platysma
Dorsal Muscles of the Trunk and Neck, Generally
deltoid
subscapularis
gastrocnemius
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres major
latissimus dorsi
teres minor
rhomboids major
trapezius
rhomboid minor
Muscles of the Head and Neck
epicranius (occipital belly)
epicranius (frontal belly)
masseter
orbicularis oculi
orbicularis oris
temporalis
zygomaticus major
Muscles of the Upper Limb (Generally)
biceps brachii
brachialis
brachioradialis
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi ulnaris
extensor digitorum (forearm)
flexor carpi radialis
flexor carpi ulnaris
palmaris longus
triceps brachii – lateral, medial, and
long heads
Muscles of the Lower Limb (Generally)
adductor longus
adductor magnus
biceps femoris
extensor digitorum longus
gastrocnemius
gluteus maximus
gluteus medius
gracilis
iliopsoas (iliacus and psoas)
pectineus
rectus femoris
sartorius
semimembranosus
semitendinosus
soleus
tensor fasciae latae
tibialis anterior
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
Know the general origin and insertion and major action of each muscle. Use the text
or the lab manual for the actions.
Know the general location and action of muscles of the anterior and posterior
compartments of the arm and forearm, anterior, medial and posterior compartments of
the thigh, and anterior, lateral and posterior compartments of the leg. (Use Text
Figure 10.17 and 10.24 in 7e, 10.17 and 10.25 in 8e)
Muscle Histology
Identify terms in Figures 14.1 - 14.5,
Identify the following slides
 smooth muscle (cell, nucleus)
 cardiac muscle (cell, nucleus, striations, intercalated discs)
 skeletal muscle (cell, nucleus, striations, fascicle)
 neuromuscular junction (striations, axons, axon terminals) .
Computer Simulation
 Interpret data from the skeletal muscle computer simulation.
 Interpret data from unfused tetanus, recruitment and fatigue experiment.
Brain and Spinal Cord
Identify terms on Figure 17.1
 astrocytes
 ependymal cell
 microglial cell
 oligodendrocyte
Identify on Figure 17.2
 nucleus
 cell body
 nucleolus
 Schwann cell
 axon
 node of Ranvier
 axon terminals
 Nissl bodies
 collateral branch
 axon hillock
Identify on Figure 17.7
 axon
 myelin sheath
 endoneurium
 perineurium
 epineurium
 fascicle
 blood vessels
Identify on slides
 multipolar neuron of spinal cord (cell body, nucleus, nucleolus, processes, Nissl bodies)
 nerve (nodes of Ranvier, fascicle)
External Anatomy of Brain - from models and figures in lab manual
fissure
 brain stem

 mammillary
 central sulcus

bodies
 cerebellum


medulla
 cerebral

oblongata
hemispheres
 occipital lobe
 corpora

 olfactory bulbs
quadrigemina
and tracts
 frontal lobe


optic chiasma
 gyri


optic nerves
 lateral sulcus
 optic tracts
 longitudinal
parietal lobe
pituitary gland
pons
postcentral
gyrus
precentral
gyrus
sulci
temporal lobe
Internal Anatomy - from models and figures in lab manual
 arbor vitae
 gray matter
 basal nuclei (as a group)
 hypothalamus
 cerebral aqueduct
 intermediate mass of thalamus
(interthalamic adhesion)
 choroid plexus
 pineal body
 corpus callosum
 white matter
 fornix
Membranes - Figure 19. 7
 dura mater (two layers)
 arachnoid mater
 pia mater
 subarachnoid space
 arachnoid villi
Ventricles - Figure19. 8
 location of ventricles
 route of circulation of spinal fluid
Cranial nerves
 identify on Lab Manual Fig.
19. 9

information from chart on
handout
Identify on Sheep Brain
 arbor vitae
 cerebellar
peduncles
 cerebellum
 cerebral
aqueduct
 cerebral
hemispheres
 cerebral
peduncles
 corpora
quadrigemina
 corpus









callosum
dura mater
fornix
gray matter
intermediate
mass of
thalamus
mammillary
bodies
medulla
midbrain
olfactory bulb
olfactory tract
 optic chiasma
 optic nerve,
 optic tract
 pia mater
 pineal body
 pituitary gland
 pons
 ventricles
 white matter
Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
Identify on Figure 21.1
 Cauda equina
 Cervical enlargement
 Cervical spinal nerves
 Lumbar enlargement
 Lumbar spinal nerves
 Sacral spinal nerves
 Thoracic spinal nerves
Identify on Figure 21.2
 anterior horn
 arachnoid mater
 central canal
 dorsal root
 dura mater
 gray matter
 lateral horns
 pia mater
 posterior horn
 spinal nerve
 ventral root
 white matter
Identify on Figure 21.5
 brachial plexus
 cervical plexus
 lumbar plexus
 sacral plexus
Identify on Figure 21.6
 phrenic nerve
Identify on Figure 21.7
 median nerve
 musculocutaneous nerve
 radial nerve
 ulnar nerve
Identify on Figure 21.8
 femoral nerve
Identify on Figure 21.9
 sciatic nerve
Identify on model of spinal cord
 gray matter
 white matter
 central canal
Special Senses, Vision
Identify on models and Figures 24.1, 24.2, and 24.3
 anterior segment
 anterior chamber
 aqueous humor
 choroid
 ciliary body
 conjunctiva
 cornea
 extrinsic eye muscles in


general
iris
lacrimal apparatus
 lens
 nasolacrimal duct
 optic disc
 optic nerve
 posterior segment
 pupil
 retina
 sclera
 suspensory ligaments
 vitreous body
Recognize equipment for and be familiar with tests for
 blind spot
 near point accommodation
 astigmatism
 patellar reflex
 visual acuity
 learned reflex (ruler)
 color blindness
Identify on the cow eye
 sclera
 cornea
 lens
 vitreous body
 retina
 optic disc
 optic nerve
 iris
 pupil
 ciliary body
 extrinsic muscle attachments (in

general)
tapetum lucidum
Special Senses, Hearing
Identify on Figure 25.1 and models
 outer or external ear
 auricle or pinna
 external acoustic meatus
 tympanic membrane
 auditory tube
 middle ear
 inner ear
 malleus
 incus
 stapes
 cochlea
 semicircular canals
 vestibule
 vestibulocochlear nerve
(vestibular and cochlear
nerves)