Download Distributing Mobility Agents Hierarchically under Frequent Location

Distributing Mobility Agents
Hierarchically
under Frequent Location Updates
D. Forsberg, J.T. Malinen, J.K. Malinen,
T. Weckström, M. Tiusanen
TSE-Institute
Telecommunications and Software Engineering
Laboratory of Information Processing Science
Helsinki University of Technology
Finland
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Introduction
• a need to support efficient and
seamless roaming with e.g. multimedia
applications
• scaling mobility over the subnet
boundaries
• independent of link-layer techniques
• real testbed, not only simulated
• testing environment for further ideas
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Our solution
Home Network
CN
Internet
HA
Mobile
Node
Mobile
Node
Foreign
Network,
FA hierarchy
HFA1
FA1
FA3
FA2
FA4
IEEE 802.11
WLAN
FA5
Mobile Node
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
FA6
• partly distributed
HA functionality
– ability to send
registration replies
– tunnel updates
within the
organization
– private addresses
may be used within
the FA hierarchy
Signaling
• scales to multiple levels of hierarchy
– localized registration are only sent as high
in the hierarchy as needed
• HA's binding lifetime updated separately
(forced registration)
• tear-down (session key reset)
• potential race condition
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Security
• shared secret between HA and MN
• session key distribution and usage
– session key used for localized registrations
– HA as KDC
– public key encryption or shared secret
between HA and FA organization
– local replay protection
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Localized location update
Home Network
CN
HA
Internet
HFA1
SFA
FA1
Foreign Network
FA2
WLAN
FA3
FA4
Mobile Node
Mobile Node
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
FA5
FA6
Localized location update
Home Network
CN
HA
Internet
HFA1
HFA1
SFA
FA1
Foreign Network
FA2
WLAN
FA3
FA4
FA5
Mobile Node
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
FA6
Feasible scenarios
• rapidly changing connection type
(e.g. GPRS--WLAN)
• Need for optimized location updates
• vehicle connection
• multi-channel environment
• latency between FAs
(e.g. radio links between access points)
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Testbed
CN
Home Network
Switch
HA
Delay
host
Organization 1,
Foreign Network 1
Organization 2,
Foreign Network 2
HFA1
HFA2
FA1
FA3
FA4
FA13 FA14
FA2
FA5
FA15
IEEE 802.11 WLAN
Mobile Node
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FA7
FA6
FA9
FA10
FA8
FA11
FA16
IEEE 802.11 WLAN
FA12
Testbed
CN
Home Network
Switch
Delay
host
Organization 1,
Foreign Network 1
HFA1
FA1
FA3
FA4
FA13 FA14
FA2
FA5
FA15
IEEE 802.11 WLAN
Mobile Node
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
FA6
HA
• wireless connection
between the MN and the
FAs
– Lucent's IEEE 802.11
compatible 2 Mbps WLAN
adapters in ad hoc mode
• wired connections
between mobility agents
• delay host to generate
additional latency
Testbed
CN
Home Network
Switch
Delay
host
Organization 1,
Foreign Network 1
HFA1
FA1
FA3
FA4
FA13 FA14
FA2
FA5
FA15
IEEE 802.11 WLAN
Mobile Node
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FA6
HA
• two foreign networks
• a separate four node nonhierarchical configuration
• mobile node able to roam
within and between the
networks
Testbed
CN
Home Network
Switch
Delay
host
Organization 1,
Foreign Network 1
HFA1
FA1
FA3
FA4
FA13 FA14
FA2
FA5
FA15
IEEE 802.11 WLAN
Mobile Node
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
FA6
HA
• HA & HFAs: Intel Pentium II
and Pentium desktops
• lower FAs: 486-based
embedded access points
(Martnodes)
• MN: Intel Pentium II laptop
• all nodes running Linux 2.2
kernels
Test methods
• forced location updates
• handoff latency measured in the MN
• data throughput measured with netperf
– maximum TCP throughput and paced UDP
streams (about 1.4 Mbps)
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Tests, Handoff times
CN
Home Network
Switch
HA
Delay
host
Organization 1
Organization 2
HFA1
HFA2
FA1
FA3
FA4
FA13 FA14
FA2
FA5
FA15
FA7
FA6
FA9
FA10
FA8
FA11
FA16
IEEE 802.11 WLAN
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FA12
Tests, Handoff times
CN
Home Network
Switch
HA
Delay
host
Organization 1
HFA1
FA1
FA3
FA4
FA13 FA14
Location update latencies
for some transitions
FA2
FA5
FA15
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FA6
OLD
FA
FA1
FA3
FA13
NEW Average
FA
in ms
FA2
24.0
FA5
43.3
FA15 62.6
Tests, Handoff times
CN
Home Network
Switch
HA
Delay
host
Organization 1
HFA1
400
FA1
FA2
300
FA3
FA4
FA13 FA14
FA5
FA15
FA6
200
100
0
0
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20
40
60
Tests, Handoff times
CN
Home Network
Switch
HA
Delay
host
Organization 1
Location update latencies
for some transitions
HFA1
FA1
FA3
FA4
FA13 FA14
FA2
FA5
FA15
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
FA6
OLD
FA
FA1
FA3
FA13
NEW Average
FA
in ms
FA2
24.0
FA4
29.8
FA14 28.7
Tests,TCP, no latency
1,4
1,2
Mbps
1,0
0,8
0,6
0,4
hierarchy
no-hierarchy
0,2
0,0
0,1
1,0
10,0
locupds/s
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100,0
Tests, UDP, no latency
1,4
1,2
Mbps
1,0
0,8
0,6
0,4
hierarchy
no-hierarchy
0,2
0,0
0,1
1,0
10,0
locupds/s
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100,0
Tests, TCP, 100ms lat.
1,4
1,2
Mbps
1,0
0,8
0,6
0,4
hierarchy
no-hierarchy
0,2
0,0
0,1
1,0
10,0
locupds/s
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100,0
Tests, UDP, 100ms lat.
1,4
1,2
Mbps
1,0
0,8
0,6
0,4
hierarchy
no-hierarchy
0,2
0,0
0,1
1,0
10,0
locupds/s
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100,0
Discussion
• possible to extend Mobile IP to work
with frequent local location updates
• possible to construct deeper hierarchies
• packets lost during tunnel establishment
– can be optimized when soft handoff is used
– performance sensitive to small changes in order of
operations
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Conclusions
• hierarchical FA network has advantages
over basic RFC 2002 operations
• our extensions can be useful in settings
where latencies exist and fast mobility is
required
• possibility to use private addresses
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Distributing Mobility Agents
Hierarchically
under Frequent Location Updates
D. Forsberg, J.T. Malinen, J.K. Malinen,
T. Weckström, M. Tiusanen
TSE-Institute
Telecommunications and Software Engineering
Laboratory of Information Processing Science
Helsinki University of Technology
Finland
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Distributing Mobility Agents
Hierarchically
under Frequent Location Updates
D. Forsberg, J.T. Malinen, J.K. Malinen,
T. Weckström, M. Tiusanen
Email
{dforsber, jtm, jkmaline, tweckstr, mikko}@cs.hut.fi
WWW
http://www.cs.hut.fi/Research/Dynamics/
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY