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Transcript 
MINERAL CHEMISTRY
Electron shells
• 1st shell: maximum 2
• 2nd shell: maximum 8
• 3rd shell: maximum 8
Nobel gases
• Outer electron shell is filled
• Will not bond
Last column on periodic table
BONDING
IONIC BONDING
• TRANSFER of
electrons
• Want to have outer
shell filled
• Weak bonding
chlorine
sodium
chlorine
Sodium chloride
COVALENT BONDING
• Sharing of electrons
• Strong bond
Covalent Bonding
The silicate (SiO4
-4
)
molecule
List the BIG 8 elements that
make up Earth’s crust
Silicate structures- most
common group of minerals
FELDSPAR FAMILY
Hornblende crystals
Feldspar family
Potassium feldspar
Feldspar family
Plagioclase feldspar
Quartz
MICA FAMILY
• MUSCOVITE
• BIOTITE
•
NON-SILICATES
• Carbonates (CO3)
– calcite
• Sulfates (SO4)
– gypsum
• Halides (halogens)
– fluorite
• Native minerals
– elements
http://webmineral.com/chemical.sht
ml
FORMULAS
•
•
•
•
Subscripts
Parentheses
Opal
commas
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