Download Lect6 Other cellular functions

Other important
cellular functions
Nicky Mulder
Functions or processes
Transport
 Protein degradation
 Cell cycle:

 Humans
 Bacterial
cell division
 Viral infection
Transfer of DNA
 Defence proteins

Transport
Entry and exit of anything from the cell is
controlled
 Cellular life depends on what it can import
and export
 These must cross the cell membrane
 Some molecules (water, oxygen) can
move freely in gaps
 Bigger molecules need help

Passive transport

Diffusion –depends on concentration
gradient, temperature, etc. –move towards
equilibrium
Carrier proteins

Quite specific
http://www.learnerstv.com/lecturenotes/lecturenotes.php?note=13&cat=Biology
Active transport
Membrane pumps, needs energy
 Usually something going in and something
else going out

http://www.learnerstv.com/lecturenotes/lecturenotes.php?note=13&cat=Biology
Chaperone proteins
Protein
degradation
Phagocytosis
http://www.learnerstv.com/lecturenotes/lecturenotes.php?note=13&cat=Biology
Cell cycle
Apoptosis
Cell division in bacteria
Viral life cycle
Transfer of DNA

Types:
 Horizontal
gene transfer
 Plasmids
 Recombination
 Transposable elements

Mechanism
 Conjugation
 Transformation

-> cause transfer and rearrangement of genetic
material
Defence proteins
Antimicrobial peptides
 Toxins
 Antibiotics
 Antigens and antibodies
 Immune response proteins

Unknown
Transport
Signal transduction
Protein folding/degradation
Miscellaneous
Structural
Defense/Pathogenesis
Cell cycle
DNA/RNA metabolism
Regulation
Metabolism
Summary of functions
25
20
15
M. tuberculosis
10
E. coli
B. subtilis
S. cerevisae
5
0
S. cerevisae
B. subtilis
E. coli
M. tuberculosis