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Pathways involved in oxalate, glyoxylate, and glycolate metabolism in the human hepatocyte. Peroxisomal enzymes: (1) L-2-hydroxy acid oxidase
A/glycolate oxidase (EC 1.1.3.1), (2) catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), (3) D-amino acid oxidase/glycine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.3), and (4) alanine:glyoxylate
aminotransferase/serine:pyruvate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.44/2.6.1.51). Cytosolic enzymes: (5) lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), (6) D-glycerate
dehydrogenase/glyoxylate reductase (EC 1.1.1.29/1.1.1.27/1.1.1.79), (7) hydroxypyruvate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.40) (also occurs in the mitochondria231
), (8) aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.5) (various isoforms are also found in other intracellular compartments, such as mitochondria, peroxisomes, and
microsomes551 ), (9) glycolate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.14), (10) glutamate:glyoxylate aminotransferase/alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (EC
Source: Primary Hyperoxaluria, The Online Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease
2.6.1.4/2.6.1.2), (11) serine hydroxymethyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.1), and (12) serine dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.13). PyrP, pyridoxal phosphate; FAD, flavinCitation: Valle
Beaudet
AL, VogelsteinNAD(P)
B, Kinzler
KW, Antonarakis
Gibson
Mitchell G. The Online
Metabolic and
Molecular
+/NAD(P)H,
adenine dinucleotide;
FMN,D,flavin
mononucleotide;
oxidized SE,
andBallabio
reducedA,forms
of K,
nicotinamide-adenine
dinucleotide
(phosphate).
Bases
of
Inherited
Disease;
2014
Available
at:
http://mhmedical.com/
Accessed:
May
13,
2017
Note that the relative importance of the various metabolic pathways is not universally agreed on (see text for details).
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