Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Visual impairment wikipedia , lookup
Keratoconus wikipedia , lookup
Contact lens wikipedia , lookup
Blast-related ocular trauma wikipedia , lookup
Corneal transplantation wikipedia , lookup
Diabetic retinopathy wikipedia , lookup
Cataract surgery wikipedia , lookup
Eyeglass prescription wikipedia , lookup
Vision therapy wikipedia , lookup
Esotropia describes an inward turning eye and is Exotropia is a type of strabimus or eye the most common type of strabismus in infants. In the first months of life, it is common for the eyes to intermittently become misaligned. If a misalignment of the eyes persists after the first few months, a consultation with a pediatric ophthalmologist is required. Twins are rarely both affected. Siblings are rarely affected with clinically apparent congenital ET. In contrast refractive esotropia is more commonly seen as a family, genetic trait. Young children with esotropia do not use their eyes together. In most cases, early surgery to align the eyes is needed to obtain binocular vision and prevent permanent vision loss. "Accommodative esotropia" is a common form of esotropia which occurs in farsighted children, usually two years old or older. When a child is young, they can focus their eyes to adjust for the farsightedness but the focusing effort (accommodation) required to see clearly stimulates the eyes to cross. Glasses reduce the focusing effort and can straighten the eyes. Sometimes bifocals are necessary for close work. Eye drops, ointment or special lenses called prisms can also be used to straighten the eyes. Eye exercises occasionally help older children. misalignment. Exotropia refers to an outward deviation of the eyes. Although Exotropia commonly begins around age 2 to 4 years, it can appear at any age. What About Eye Patches And Glasses? It is not uncommon that children with any form of strabismus (including exotropia) will have decreased vision in one eye. This is known as "amblyopia". If there is a significant amblyopia present, the pediatric ophthalmologist will prescribe the appropriate eye patch to be worn over the stronger eye to force your child to use and strengthen the eye with amblyopia. If your child has a need for eyeglasses, they will be prescribed as well. Aside from the obvious improvement in your child's appearance when misaligned eyes are corrected, there are other functional benefits to consider. When a significant ocular misalignment exists in childhood, the brain's developing visual system does not acquire binocular vision. Aside from improved depth perception, a person with binocular vision tends to maintain good ocular alignment throughout life. Additionally, a child with good ocular alignment is at decreased risk for developing amblyopia. Treatment: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Correction of refractive status Overcorrecting minus lens Patching Amblyopia treatment Prism therapy Convergence exercises for convergence insufficiency 7. Extraocular muscle surgery The eye muscle surgery is generally not recommended until the vision in each eye is maximized with either patching therapy and/or eyeglasses when appropriate. In some children, the exotropia can improve with only these measures and an operation may become unnecessary. Pediatric Ophthalmic Consultants http://www.pedseye.com/strabismus_esotropia.htm Richmond Eye Associates, P.C. http://www.richmondeye.com/eyemotil.asp ScienceDaily http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/06/090608162436.ht m American Academy of Ophthalmogy http://one.aao.org/ce/default.aspx Cyber-Sight Orbis Telemedicine http://www.cybersight.org/bins/volume_page.asp?cid=1-3-4-16 Eyerobics http://www.eyerobics.com.au/exotropia.html National Guideline Clearinghouse http://www.guideline.gov/content.aspx?id=11752 Strabisimus.org www.strabismus.org/exotropia_eye_turns_out.html University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center http://www.kellogg.umich.edu/patientcare/conditions/esotropi a.html