Download Diptera, Orthoptera, Thysanoptera, Arachnida

ORDER
DIPTERA
Flies, gnats, mosquitos…
DIPTERA
Di: two
Ptera: wings
Complete development
Chewing (larva)
Sponging or piercing sucking (adult)
DIPTERA
WINGS: 1 pair
Front: membranous
Back: stubs
LEAFMINER
HOSTS
• Oak, holly, boxwood, juniper, pine…
LEAFMINER (Page 166)
HOSTS
• Oak, holly, boxwood, juniper, pine…
LEAFMINER
DAMAGE
• Blotch or tunnel in foliage
• Leaf drop in late summer
• Mainly visual
LEAFMINER
• Several hundred species of foliage miners that can be moths,
beetles, flies or sawflies
• Larva: 1/8" maggot
• Adult: 1/8" mosquito-like
LEAFMINER
CONTROL
• Healthy plants tolerate
• Resistant cultivars
FUNGAL GNAT
• One generation per month
• Attracted to moist shade and organic matter
FUNGAL GNAT
HOST
• General feeder
• Many feed on organic matter
• More severe in greenhouse potting soil
• Potting soil sterile
FUNGAL GNAT
DAMAGE
• Larva strips roots
• Loss vigor, wilting
FUNGAL GNAT
• Severe on propagated cuttings
• Limited roots
FUNGAL GNAT
CONTROL
• Clean up debris
• Yellow sticky cards for adults
• Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis, (Gnatrol)
• Drench soil with insecticide
• Predatory nematodes
ORDER
ORTHOPTERA
Grasshoppers, crickets, mantids…
ORTHOPTERA
Orthos: straight
Ptera: wings
Incomplete
Chewing mouthparts
MOLE CRICKET
• Southern: carnivore (4 dots)
• Tawny: herbivore (plant pest)
• Introduced species are problem
• Native species not so much
MOLE CRICKET
• HOSTS: Turfgrass
• Bermudagrass
• Centipdedgrass
MOLE CRICKET
DAMAGE
• Eat roots and shoots at night
• Disruptive tunnels
• Predatory damage
MOLE CRICKET
SAMPLING
• Disclosing solution
MOLE CRICKET
CONTROL
• Mostly insecticidal
• Biocontrol
• Nematodes
• Parasitic wasp
ORDER
THYSANOPTERA
Thrips
THYSANOPTERA
Thysanos: tassel
Ptera: wings
Incomplete
Rasping-sucking mouthparts
Narrow, fringed wings (nymph wingless)
Can transmit diseases
Several generations / year
THRIPS (156)
HOSTS
• Flower thrips: flowers and buds
• Greenhouse thrips: feed openly on foliage
PREDATORY THRIP
THRIPS (139)
DAMAGE
• Mostly harmless to woody plants
• Stippling and bleaching foliage
• Dead spots on leaves
• Tar spots underside of leaves
THRIPS (139)
THRIPS (139)
THRIPS (139)
MONITOR
• Branch beating (paper)
• Sticky traps: blue for western flower thrip, yellow for other
species
THRIPS (139)
CONTROL
• Maintain plant health to tolerate
• Soap and Oil
• Predatory wasp release in greenhouse
Chilli Thrips-Adult
1st Instar Larva
Chilli Thrips
nd
2 Instar Larva
SCOUTING
Chilli Thrips - rose
Ligustrum
Pittosporum
Ligustrum
Chilli Thrips-Schefflera
Why Biological Control?
• Thrips control impacted implementation of
IPM programs in many ornamental crop
systems.
• Chemical control in the landscape is
NOT SUSTAINABLE
Franklinothrips vespiformis
Adult
Franklinothrips vespiformis
Nymph
CLASS
ARACHNIDA
Spider mite
SPIDER MITES
Incomplete
Piercing-sucking
No wings
SPIDER MITES
• Microscopic
• Red southern (red), two-spotted (clear with 2 black spots)
• Can complete generation in 2 weeks
SPIDER MITES
HOSTS
• Herbaceous plants, fatsia, butterfly bush,
conifers…
• Foliage, fruit, and flowers
• Feed on lower surface
SPIDER MITES
DAMAGE
• Stippling and bleaching
• Webbing when populations high
• No tar spots
SPIDER MITES
MONITORING
• Look on underside of leaf
• Branch beat over paper
SPIDER MITES
CONTROL
• Miticide
• Oil and soaps
• Predaceous spider mites release
Koppert Biocontrol
• Sachet of predatory mites
• Slow release