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Neoplasia
1. Dysplasia
a. Is a feature of mesenchymal cells
b. Inevitably progresses to cancer
c. Is characterized by cellular pleomorphism <=
d. Is the same as carcinoma in situ
e. Is not associated with architectural abnormalities
2. Metastasis
a. Unequivocally proves malignancy <=
b. Is the most common presentation of melanoma
c. Is proven by lymph node enlargement adjacent to a tumour
d. Of breast is usually to supraclavicular nodes
e. All of the above
3. Internal carcinoma is associated with which of the following skin disorders
a. ?
b. ?
c. ?
d. acanthosis nigricans
e. ?
4. With regard to characteristics of benign and malignant neoplasia
a. Cells of benign tumours are poorly differentiated
b. Mitotic figures in benign tumours are common
c. Malignant tumours can be slow growing <=
d. Malignant tumours are usually cohesive and expansile
e. Malignant tumours often display structures typical of originating tissue
5. With regard to malignant disease
a. Arterial invasion by tumours is more frequent than venous
b. Ovarian carcinoma may spread transperitoneally to the liver <=
c. The brain is a major site of lymphatic tumour spread
d. Basal cell carcinomas frequently metastasise to bone
e. The most distinguishing feature of malignant disease is local tissue destruction
6. Malignant neoplasms
a. Are independent of hormonal influence
b. Are always composed of homogenous cell lines
c. Arise from differentiated cells by a process of anaplasia
d. Display abnormal nuclei with pale nucleoli
e. Typically grow more rapidly than benign <=
7. Regarding metastasis
a. All carcinomas have the ability to metastasise
b. Highly invasive carcinomas rarely metastasise
c. Carcinomas typically spread via lymphatics compared with haematogenous spread
d. Tumour cells develop increased cohesiveness of their cell surface in the formation of cancer cell
emboli
e. Cells involved in lymphatic dissemination release degradative enzymes <=
8. Which of the following is malignant?
a. Squamous cell papilloma
b. Hydatidiform mole
c. Chondroma
d. Mature teratoma
e. Bronchial carcinoid <=
9. Anaplasia is not characterized by
a. Pleomorphism
b. Abundant nuclear DNA
c. A nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio of 1:6 <= this is the normal, it may approach 1:1 w/ anaplastic cells
d. Coarsely clumped chromatin
e. Lack of differentiation
10. All of the following are precancerous EXCEPT:
a. Chronic gastritis or pernicious anaemia
b. Solar keratosis
c. Crohn’s disease <=
d. Leukplakia
e. Chronic ulcerative colitis
11. To which two organs do tumours most commonly spread haematogenously?
a. Lungs and brain
b. Liver and lungs <=
c. Liver and bone
d. Bone and brain
e. Lung and bone
12. Staging of cancer
a. T1 is insitu – Tis, T1 is a size
b. M1 may be blood borne mets – mets present
c. N3 means goes to 3 nodes
d. Is a universal staging system – widely used
e. Grading more useful for clinical effect -?
13. Hypercalcaemia as a paraneoplastic syndrome is most associated with
a. Small cell carcinoma of lung
b. Adult B cell leukaemia/lymphoma
c. Hepatocellular carcinoma
d. Uterine carcinoma
e. Renal carcinoma <=
14. All of the following characterize familial tumours EXCEPT:
a. Earlier age at onset
b. Close relatives with same tumour
c. Multiple or bilateral tumours
d. Specific marker phenotypes <=
e. Increased relative risk in siblings
15. Neoplasia
a. Shows nuclear pleomorphism <=
b. Shows decreased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio - increased
c. Results when protogenes are activated
d. Involves proto-oncogenes in their natural form
e. Is initiated by a single genetic alteration
16. Regarding the spread of cancers
a. The pleural cavity is the most commonly affected body cavity
b. Haematogenous spread is the most common pathway for the initial dissemination of carcinomas
c. Lymphatic spread is typical of sarcoma
d. Renal cell carcinoma often invades branches of the renal vein <=
e. Nodal enlargement in proximity to a cancer always means dissemination of the primary lesion
17. Regarding benign versus malignant tumours
a. Benign tumours are generally less differentiated
b. Large prominent nucleoli and a high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio are characteristics of a malignant
cell <=
c. Benign tumours metastasise haematogenously
d. Malignant tumours always proliferate rapidly
e. Malignant tumours always metastasise