Download Protcols for Highly-Dynamic Airborne Networks

Protcols for HighlyDynamic Airborne
Networks
Egemen K. Çetinkaya, Justin P. Rohrer, Abdul Jabbar,
Mohammed J.F. Alenazi, Dongsheng Zhang, Dan S. Broyles,
Kamakshi Sirisha Pathapati, Hemanth Narra, Kevin Peters,
Santosh Ajith Gogi, and James P.G. Sterbenz
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
University of Kansas
Presented by Curtis Kelsey
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Overview
• Introduction
• Motivation
• ANTP
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AeroTP
AeroNP
AeroRP
AeroGW
Simulation Results
Conclusions
Observations
References
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Introduction
• Airborne network structure
• Predecessors to ANTP
• TCP/IP (UDP)
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40 byte packet overhead
Static routing
Transport assumes stable path
No explicit cross-layer info exchange
• Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET)
• Routing relies on non-geographic based
links
Dynamic airborne environment
• Space Communications Protocol
Standards (SCPS-TP)
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Introduction
• Challenges
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Limited power (limits range)
Limited RF-spectrum
Intermittent connectivity
Mobility (Speeds up to Mach 3.5)
Data corruption & loss
• TCP limits
• Assumes all loss is congestion
• Handshaking connection setup
• Slow-start algorithm
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Motivation
• Integrated Networked
Enhanced Telemetry (iNET)
program identified a set of
needs
• Predecessors do not serve
this domain adequately
Link Stability Analysis
Airborne network protocols
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ANTP
• Consists of 4 protocols
• Aeronautical Transport
Protocol (AeroTP)
• Aeronautical Network
Protocol (AeroNP)
• Aeronautical Routing
Protocol (AeroRP)
• Aeronautical Gateway
(AeroGW)
System architecture
• Why? Small contact duration
between two TAs.
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AeroTP
• Handshake-free connection
setup
• Transmit peak-rate immediately
• Reduced ACK usage; Selective
Negative ACK (SNACK)
• Header compression
• Relay nodes buffer data for
retransmit
• Connection state info memory
• Modes
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Data Segment Structure
Reliable (fully TCP compatible)
Nearly-reliable
Quasi-reliable
Best-effort connections
Best-effort datagrams (fully UDP
compatible)
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MACK Segment Structure
AeroTP
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AeroTP
• Control messages used for
opening/closing connection
• ASYN, ASYNACK,AFIN,
AFINACK
• Opportunistic connection
establishment
Connection Management
• Data & control overlap
State Transition Diagram
State Transition Definitions
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AeroNP
• IP-compatible network protocol
• Replicates IP services
• Provides
• QoS – 4 levels
AeroNP Packet Structure
• AeroRP packets are classed the highest always
• C2 given priority over application data
• Flow control
• Implemented by a cross-layering mechanism with the iNET TDMA MAC
layer
• Error detection
• Corruption Indicator- header error check- cyclic redundancy code (HECCRC)
• Congestion Indicator (CI)
• Specifies node congestion (defers packets from being forwarded)
• Geological Information
• AN geological information (extended header)
• Else, basic header
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AeroRP
• Geographic routing protocol
• Per-hop routing decisions
• GS Updates
• Additional mechanism for neighbor discovery
• AN topology info or link info broadcast to other Ans
• GSTopology/GSLink advertisements
• Operation Modes
• Ferrying
• Buffer
• Drop
• Promiscuous
• Beacon
• Beaconless
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AeroRP
• Phase 1
• Neighbor discovery
• Active snooping
• Beacon mode
• GS Updates
• Phase 2
• Data forwarding
• Determine next hop from topology table
• Use time-to-intercept (TTI) metric
• delta d = Euclidean distance
• R = common transmission range
• sd = recorded speed
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AeroGW
• IP - AeroNP translation
• TCP/UDP/RTP - AeroTP
splicing
• Gateways are built into TAs
and GSs
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AeroGW
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Simulation Results
• Simulations performed using
ns-3
• 1MB of data transmitted
• AeroTP
• Selective-repeat ARQ used
for reliable mode
• FEC used for quasi-reliable
mode
Average goodput
Cumulative goodput
Average delay
Cumulative overhead
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Cumulative goodput comparison
AeroTP fully-reliable mode
Simulation Results
• AeroRP
AeroRP Results
• Velocity 1200 m/s
• Node density 5 to 60
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Effect of node density on PDR
Conclusions
• Existing TCP/IP protocols are not suited for highly-dynamic
airborne networks
• Prediction of link availability provides significant
improvements in end-to-end data delivery (AeroRP)
• Further testing required. Planned testing on radio-controlled
aircraft.
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Presenter’s Observations
• Degradation of redundancy = throughput improvements
• Introduction of spatial cues increases system
knowledge/forcast capability
• Cross-layer communication reduces redundancy without
reducing information
• Per node burden is increased/ more costly nodes
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References
• (Primary Paper) Cetinkaya, E., & Rohrer, J. (2012). Protocols for highly-dynamic airborne
networks. Proceedings of the 18th annual international conference on Mobile computing
and networking, 411–413. Retrieved from http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2348597
• Narra, H., Cetinkaya, E., & Sterbenz, J. (2012). Performance analysis of AeroRP with ground
station advertisements. Proceedings of the first ACM …, 43–47. Retrieved from
http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2248337&ftid=1233995&dwn=1&CFID=118936837&
CFTOKEN=41922410
• Sterbenz, J., Pathapati, K., Nguyen, T., & Rohrer, J. (2011). Performance Analysis of the
AeroTP Transport Protocol for Highly-Dynamic Airborne Telemetry Networks. Retrieved
from
http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA544743
• J. P. Rohrer, E. Perrins, and J. P. G. Sterbenz. End-to-end disruption-tolerant transport
protocol issues and design for airborne telemetry networks. In Proceedings of the
International Telemetering Conference (ITC), San Diego, CA, October 2008
• A. Jabbar, E. Perrins, and J. P. G. Sterbenz. A cross-layered protocol architecture for highlydynamic multihop airborne telemetry networks. In Proceedings of the International
Telemetering Conference (ITC), San Diego, CA, October 2008.
• E. K. ¸Cetinkaya and J. P. G. Sterbenz. Aeronautical Gateways: Supporting TCP/IP-based
Devices and Applications over Modern Telemetry Networks. In Proceedings of the
International Telemetering Conference (ITC), Las Vegas, NV, October 2009.
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Summary
• Introduction
• Motivation
• ANTP
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AeroTP
AeroNP
AeroRP
AeroGW
Simulation Results
Conclusions
Observations
References
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Questions?
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