Download Figure 6.1_1

Figure 6.1_1
Sunlight energy
ECOSYSTEM
Photosynthesis
in chloroplasts
CO2
Glucose
H2O
O2
Cellular respiration
in mitochondria
(for cellular
work)
ATP
Heat energy
Figure 6.2_1
O2
Breathing
CO2
Lungs
CO2
Bloodstream
O2
Muscle cells carrying out
Cellular Respiration
Glucose  O2
CO2  H2O  ATP
Figure 6.4
Activity
kcal consumed per hour
by a 67.5-kg (150-lb) person*
Running (8–9 mph)
979
Dancing (fast)
510
Bicycling (10 mph)
490
Swimming (2 mph)
408
Walking (4 mph)
341
Walking (3 mph)
245
Dancing (slow)
Driving a car
Sitting (writing)
204
61
28
*Not including kcal needed for
body maintenance
Figure 6.5A
Loss of hydrogen atoms
(becomes oxidized)
C6H12O6
6 O2
6 CO2
6 H2O
Glucose
Gain of hydrogen atoms
(becomes reduced)
ATP
 Heat
Figure 6.7Ca_s2
Steps 1 – 3 A fuel
molecule is energized,
using ATP.
Glucose
ATP
Step
ENERGY
INVESTMENT
PHASE
1
ADP
P
Glucose 6-phosphate
P
Fructose 6-phosphate
P
Fructose
1,6-bisphosphate
2
ATP
3
ADP
Step 4 A six-carbon
intermediate splits
into two three-carbon
intermediates.
P
4
P
P
Glyceraldehyde
3-phosphate (G3P)
Figure 6.7Cb_s2
Step 5
A redox reaction
generates NADH.
NAD
NAD
5
P
NADH
5
P
NADH
H
H
P
P
P
ADP
Steps 6 – 9
ATP and pyruvate
are produced.
ENERGY
PAYOFF
PHASE
P
P
P
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate
P
3-Phosphoglycerate
ADP
6
6
ATP
ATP
P
7
7
P
P
2-Phosphoglycerate
8
H2O
P
P
ADP
Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)
ADP
9
9
ATP
8
H2O
ATP
Pyruvate
Figure 6.9B_s3
Acetyl CoA
CoA
CoA
2 carbons enter cycle
Oxaloacetate
1
Citrate
NADH
H
NAD
5
NAD
NADH
2
H
Citric Acid Cycle
CO2 leaves cycle
Malate
FADH2
Alpha-ketoglutarate
4
3
FAD
CO2 leaves cycle
NAD
Succinate
ADP
Step 1
Acetyl CoA stokes
the furnace.
P
Steps 2 – 3
ATP
NADH, ATP, and CO2
are generated during redox reactions.
NADH
H
Steps 4 – 5
Further redox reactions generate
FADH2 and more NADH.
Figure 6.5C
NADH
NAD
ATP
2
Controlled
release of
energy for
synthesis
of ATP
H
2
1 O
2 2
2 H
H 2O
Figure 6.10
H
Intermembrane
space
H
H
H
H Mobile
electron
carriers
Protein
complex
of electron
carriers
H ATP
synthase
IV
I
II
FADH2
Electron
flow
NADH
Mitochondrial
matrix
H
H
III
Inner mitochondrial
membrane
H
NAD
FAD
2 H
1
2 O2
H2O
H
ADP
P
ATP
H
Electron Transport Chain
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Chemiosmosis
Figure 6.6_1
CYTOPLASM
NADH
Electrons
carried by NADH
NADH
Glycolysis
Pyruvate
Glucose
Pyruvate
Oxidation
Citric Acid
Cycle
FADH2
Oxidative
Phosphorylation
(electron transport
and chemiosmosis)
Mitochondrion
ATP
ATP
ATP
Substrate-level
phosphorylation
Substrate-level
phosphorylation
Oxidative
phosphorylation
Figure 6.7A
Glucose
2 ADP
2 NAD
2 P
2 NADH
2
ATP
2 Pyruvate
2 H