Download New perspective on phantom eye syndrome

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LISTENING COMPREHENSION
Task 1. Listen and choose a true sentence.
1. a) Making yoghurt can be considered biotechnology in action.
b) Making yoghurt cannot be considered biotechnology.
2. a) Biotechnology started in the 20th century.
b) Biotechnology is very old.
3. a) Vermiculture means using bacteria to decompose waste.
b) Vermiculture means using worms to decompose waste.
4. a) Genetic modification of plants started after 1953.
b) Gentic modifications of plants started in ancient times.
5. a) Frankenfood is the name given to GM food because it is considered unnatural.
b) Frankenfood is the name given to GM food after a novel by M. S. Frankenstein.
Task 2. Listen and choose the correct answer a, b or c.
1. Biotechnology is defined as … .
a) modification of an organism’s genetic code.
b) using living organism to change other substances.
c) using living organisms to obtain certain products.
2. The end products of fermentation do not include …
a) sugar.
b) alcohol.
c) carbon dioxide.
3. In 1914 bacteria were used to help clean… .
a) dirty water in the cities.
b) oil spills.
c) toxic substances.
4. It is not mentioned that genetically modified plants are …
a) resistant to both wet and dry weather.
b) not eaten by animals, so crops are higher.
c) tastier.
5. Many people who oppose GM food believe that such products …
a) are not safe for the environment.
b) are cheaper.
c) have a better quality.
READING
New perspective on phantom eye syndrome
(1) Researchers from the University of Liverpool have found that approximately half of patients
who have an eye removed because of a form of eye cancer experience `phantom eye syndrome.'
(2) Patients with the condition experience ‘seeing’ and pain in the eye that is no longer there.
Researchers assessed 179 patients whose eye had been removed as a result of a cancer called
intraocular melanoma. They found that more than a third of the patients experienced phantom
eye symptoms every day. In most patients, the symptoms ceased spontaneously, but some
patients reported that they have to do something to stop the sensation, such as distracting
themselves or blinking.
(3) The 'phantom' sensations often start several weeks after the eye is removed, eventually
subsiding over time. Most see only patterns or colours, but some feel they see people and
scenes. More than one-in-four reported that they sometimes feel that they can even see what is
actually happening around them. A similar number feel pain in the non-existent eye. The
researchers found that a fifth of patients find these sensations pleasurable, but a similar number
are disturbed by them.
(4) Health psychologist Laura Hope-Stone, from the University's Institute of Psychology, Health
and Society (IPHS) who led the research, said: "To our knowledge, this is the largest study of
phantom symptoms in patients who have lost an eye for intraocular melanoma. We carried out
the study because many patients have told me about symptoms like this when I see them after
surgery for psychological support, but we did not know exactly how common they are."
(5) Health psychologist, Dr Steve Brown, also from IPHS, added: "The size of the study means we
can now tell whether certain kinds of people are more likely to have phantom symptoms. "They
are most common in younger patients, and having pain in the non-existent eye is more likely in
patients who are anxious or depressed, although we don't yet know why that's the case."
(6) Professor Heinrich Heimann, who leads the Liverpool Ocular Oncology Centre at the Royal
Liverpool University Hospital where the study was conducted, and the largest of the four UK
centres which treat ocular melanoma, said: "These results are important because now we can tell
patients not to be alarmed if they experience visual sensations or pain afterwards. We can also
warn them that, unfortunately, removing an eye does not guarantee that there will be no pain
weeks or months afterwards."
source: University of Liverpool. "New perspective on phantom eye syndrome."
ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 1 June 2015.
<www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/06/150601112234.htm>.
Task 1. State whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F).
1. Blinking can help stop the symptoms of 'phantom eye syndrome.'
2. Most patients experiencing 'phantom eye syndrome' see people and scenes.
3. Dr Steve Brown carried out the research.
4. The researchers know why depressed patients are more likely to have pain in non-existent
eye.
5. Patients cannot be told for sure that they will not experience pain weeks or months after
removing their eye.
Task 2. In which paragraph can you find the following information?
1. The results of the study are vital because patients can be told that pain and visual problems
after the operation are common.
2. More or less 50% of patients whose eye has been removed suffer from phantom eye
syndrome.'
3. The symptoms become less strong or extreme over time.
4. Some people, e.g. younger ones, are more likely to experience 'phantom eye syndrome.'
5. One fourth of patients report being able to see what is happening around after they have had
their eye removed.
Task 3. Find in the text words or phrases which have the same meaning. In brackets you will
find information in which paragraph the word is.
1. stopped (2)
2. made a judgment about the quality, size, value etc. of something (2)
3. feeling anxious or upset (3)
4. help or encouragement (4)
5. of or related to the eyes or sight (6)
GRAMMAR
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the word in brackets.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Doctor Gray _____________ (see) 15 patients already.
The anaesthetic procedure _____________ (perform) 5 minutes ago.
She said that she ______________ (wear) glasses when she was younger.
I _____________ (stop) smoking if I were you.
In early pregnancy you ought ____________ (take) folic acid.
This time tomorrow I ________________ (have) the operation.
By 3 o'clock yesterday nurse Green ________________ (give) 10 injections.
If his operation ____________ (go) well, he'll make a full recovery.
9. I was told ______________ (take) one tablet after every meal.
10. The nurse ______________ (monitor) the patient for 5 hours now.
VOCABULARY
Complete the sentences with words given below. There are 15 words, 5 are not needed.
apply,
infuse,
blurring,
start,
for,
assessment, prognosis,
to,
swollen,
swelled,
itchy,
out,
induce,
blurred,
down,
1. _______ depends on history, physical exam, laboratory testing and radiological exams.
2. You must not scratch it even if it feels _____ and sore.
3. I'm referring this patient to you for __________.
4. You're 7 centimetres dilated, so we won't need to _______ you.
5. We'll _____ you on Clindamycin and we'll see how you'll react.
6. Did you react badly ____ this medication?
7. Common causes of _____ vision include nearsightedness, farsightedness, stroke, and migraine.
8. You don't need to cut ___ fat from your diet altogether.
9. My leg _____ and I couldn’t put my shoe on.
10. _____ this ointment onto the infested skin.
WRITING
Situation
You are a nurse. You received an e-mail with several questions from your niece Alice, a teenager.
She has a problem with acne.
Task
Write an informal e-mail in which you will explain how it is formed what can help reduce it.
Include the following information using English medical terms and phrases provided below:
1) Trądzik powstaje gdy nadmiar sebum blokuje pory. Gdy komórki skóry obumierają,
zatykają pory, co powoduje gromadzenie się bakterii. Prowadzi to do formowania się
zaskórników.
2) Nie musisz wyeliminować tłuszczów z diety, ale zredukowanie głęboko smażonego jedzenia
może pomóc.
3) Myj twarz rano i wieczorem, pamiętaj, żeby dobrze ją spłukać. Używaj specjalnych
delikatnych płynów do mycia twarzy.
4) Nie wyciskaj krostek. Gdy pryszcz pęka, może zmienić się w głęboką bolesną cystę.
Write your answer in 90-120 words.
Divide your work into paragraphs, use appropriate language and style.