Download Plant Growth - Erin Berg: Agriculture @ North Lenoir High School

Plant Growth & Development
By: Johnny M. Jessup
Agriculture Teacher/FFA Advisor
Introduction
• There are 6 plant processes that effect
growth which are….
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Photosynthesis
Respiration
Absorption
Transpiration
Translocation
Reproduction
Photosynthesis
• Process by which
green plants
manufacture food.
• The beginning of the
food chain for all
living things on
earth.
Photosynthesis
• Carbon dioxide and water are combined
in the presence of light to make sugar
and oxygen.
• The Formula is….
6CO2 + 6H2O + 672Kcal
C6H12O6 + 6O2
Carbon Dioxide
Water
Light
Glucose Sugar
Oxygen
Respiration
• The process through which plant leaves,
stems, and roots consume oxygen and
give off carbon dioxide.
• Plants produce much more oxygen
through photosynthesis then they use
through respiration.
Photosynthesis vs. Respiration
Absorption
• The process by which plant roots take
in water, air, & nutrients and conduct
them to the stem.
Transpiration
• The process by
which plants roots
lose water from
leaves and stems
through
evaporation.
Translocation
• The process by which food and
nutrients are moved within a plant from
one plant part to another.
• Water and minerals move from the
roots up to the leaves and food moves
from the leaves down to the roots.
Translocation
Reproduction
• The plant process that increases plant
numbers usually from seeds.
Plant Processes
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Photosynthesis
Respiration
Absorption
Transpiration
Translocation
Reproduction
Plant Cell Growth
Plant Cells
• Are the basic unit of life.
• Nucleus and a mass of protoplasm contained
with a plasma membrane.
Nucleus
• Location of the plant’s genetic and
hereditary make-up.
Protoplasm
• The living matter of the cell.
• The gel matrix inside the cell.
Plasma Membrane
• Surrounds protoplasm and allows for
exchange of nutrients and gases into and out
of the cell.
Cell Wall
• The rigid structure
that provides
support for the cell
and thus the whole
plant.
Other Cell Structures
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Chloroplasts
Vacuole
Plastids
Mitochondrion
The Plant Cell
Plant Tissue
• A group of cells with similar origin and
function.
• Classified according to their….
• Origin
• Structure
• Physiology
Origin & Function
• Meristematic
• Near the tip of stems and roots where cell
division and enlargement occur.
• Vascular Cambium
• Increase growth in diameter of stems.
Structure
• Simple
• Usually one type of cell.
• Complex
• Several types of cells.
Simple Tissues
• Epidermal
• One-cell thick, outer layer, protects,
prevents water loss.
• Sclerenchyma
• Have thickened cell walls and contain fibers
to give strength and support to plant
structures.
Complex Tissues
• Collenchyma
• Have thick cell walls that strengthen and
support plant structures.
• Parenchyma
• Fleshy part of plant that stores water and
nutrients.
The Asexual Cycle - Vegetative
• Vegetative
• Growth and development of buds, roots,
leaves, and stems.
The Asexual Cycle - Vegetative
• Cell elongation
• Stage when cells enlarge.
• Cell differentiation
• Stage when cells specialize.
The Asexual Cycle - Reproductive
• Reproductive or flowering
• Plant develops flower buds that will
develop into….
• Flowers
• Fruits
• Seeds
Stages of Plant Growth
• Juvenile
• When the plant first starts to grow from a
seed.
• Reproductive
• When plant produces flowers, seeds, and
fruits.
• Dormant
• When plant rests or grows very little if any.
Growth Hormones
• Plants produce chemical substances
called hormones that inhibit or promote
growth.
• Common plant hormones are….
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Inhibitors
Cytokinins
Gibberellins
Auxins
Inhibitors
• Hasten fruit
ripening, inhibit or
restrain seed
germination and
stem elongation.
STOP
Cytokinins
• Hormones that work with auxins to
stimulate cell division.
Gibberellins
• Hormones that stimulate cell elongation,
premature flowering, and breaking of
dormancy.
Auxins
• Hormones that speed plant growth by
stimulating cell enlargement.
Effects of Light,
Moisture, Temperature,
& Nutrients on Plants
Light
• Necessary because of
photosynthesis.
• Photoperiodism
• The response of plants to different
amounts of light regarding their flowering
and reproduction cycles.
Light
• Insufficient light
causes long, slender,
spindly stems.
• Excessive light
causes plants to dry
out faster.
Moisture
• Needed in large amounts
because plants tissues are
mostly water and….
• Water carries the nutrients.
• Turgid
• When a plant is swollen or filled with moisture.
• Wilted
• When a plant is limp because it does not have
enough moisture.
Moisture
• Too much water causes small root
systems and drowning.
• Which is the result of air spaces in soil
being filled with water.
• Too little water causes wilting and
stunted growth.
Temperature
• Needs vary depending on types of plants.
• Either too high or too low will have adverse
effects.
vs.
Nutrients
• Essential for optimum plant conditions.
• Have little effect on seed germination.
Combined Effect of Light,
Moisture, Temperature, & Nutrients
• Ideal quantities and quality will give
optimum plant growth.
• Each has an effect on the other factors.
• Unfavorable environmental conditions
for plant growth causes diseases to be
more severe in their damages to plants.
Designed By:
• Johnny M. Jessup, FFA Advisor
• Hobbton High School