Download Ch. 3 sections 2 and 3 notes

Name:
Earth and Environment
Date:
Ch. 3: Earth’s Environmental Systems
Sect.s 2 and 3
Earth’s Interacting Systems
• The ________________________________characteristics of the Earth are critical to the health and survival
of its inhabitants.
• Earth is an integrated and connected system that consists of rock, air, water, and living things that all
interact with each other.
• Systems receive inputs and __________________________ of energy. Inputs into the Earth’s system
include energy, information and matter.
Earth’s Systems – Input and Output
INPUTS
• Energy (solar energy, energy produced
by human activity)
• Information (genes, DNA)
• ___________________ (chemicals or
physical materials)
OUTPUTS
• _____________________
• Matter
• Information
Example: The Gulf of Mexico receives
inputs of water, nutrients, and pollution
from the Mississippi River and land.
Shrimpers and fisherman harvest the output
from the Gulf of Mexico that is shrimp and
fish. Can you draw a diagram representing
the Gulf of Mexico SYSTEM? Can you
think of other inputs and outputs to this
system?
Feedback Loops
• Feedback loops regulate systems on Earth.
– Negative Feedback Loops – Result in system _________________________
– Positive Feedback Loops – Result in a system moving to the extreme
Examples of Feedback Loops
Negative Feedback Loop
Positive Feedback Loop
___________________________
• When the house gets too cold, the
thermostat will turn on the furnace to
heat it up. If you have it set at 69
degrees, it will heat until it reads that
it is 69 degrees.
__________________________
• Injured tissue releases signal
chemicals that activate platelets in the
blood. An activated platelet releases
chemicals to activate more platelets,
causing a rapid cascade and the
formation of a blood clot. (platelets
will stick together at the site of the
injury)
Earth’s Spheres
• Categorizing Earth’s environmental systems can help make Earth’s complexity and environmental issues
easier to understand.
• So scientists divide the Earth into spheres by composition or make-up.
1. ___________________
2. ___________________
3. ___________________
4. ___________________
• Keep in mind, all of the spheres interact and overlap.
Geosphere
 Made of all the rock at and ______________________
the Earth’s surface.
• Distance through is 12,756km.
• Three distinct layers, the ___________________, mantle, and core.
• The __________________________________ is part of the crust –
it is the outermost layer of the Earth’s surface.
Atmosphere
• The atmosphere of the Earth is a mixture of mostly
______________________, oxygen, and carbon dioxide.
• It protects the earth, provides__________________________, and
creates our weather patterns.
• Contains _____________________________ which protects us from the sun’s radiation.
Composition of the Earth’s Atmosphere
• Nitrogen makes up ___________ of the Earth’s atmosphere. It gets into the atmosphere when animals and
plants decay…and even when volcanoes erupt.
• ________________________ is the second most abundant gas in the atmosphere and it is produced
primarily by plants.
• Gases including argon, carbon dioxide, ______________________ and water vapor make up the rest of the
atmosphere.
• The atmosphere also contains many types of tiny, solid particles, or atmospheric dust. Atmospheric dust is
mainly soil but includes salts, ash from fires, volcanic ash, _____________________ matter from
combustion, pollen, and aerosols.
Why Do We Need the Earth’s Atmosphere?
• Certain gases in the atmosphere, especially carbon dioxide, ______________________ instead of letting it
escape into space.
• The term used to describe the trapping of heat is the __________________________________________.
• Today, there is too much _______________________________ in the atmosphere which traps more and
more heat in. The trapped heat increases the temperature of the planet.
Hydrosphere
• The hydrosphere includes all of the water on earth in rivers, oceans, lakes, streams, polar
___________________, and __________________________water.
• 75% of the Earth is comprised of water.
• The water cycle shows the many routes that water take on the planet.
• Evaporation, transpiration, precipitation, and condensation are the major processes of the
_________________________________________.
• Groundwater – some water soaks down through the soil and rock to recharge water storage areas
underground (___________________________).
A. Ice
B. Lakes and Rivers
C. Fresh Water
D. Salt Water in Oceans and Salt Lakes
E. Groundwater
1.
2.
4.
3.
5.
Biosphere
• Layer of the earth that ________________________________.
• It includes the _______________part of the atmosphere, the _____________ part of the geosphere, and the
hydrosphere.
• Life needs water, energy, and temperatures from 10 – 40 degrees Celsius.
• The biosphere is what distinguishes Earth from other _______________ in the solar system.