Download 11.3 Urinary Diseases ppt

Urinary System Diseases
Objective
 To describe the symptoms, causes,
and treatments for Kidney Stones,
Urinary Tract Infections, and Renal
Failure.
Kidney Stones
Kidney Stones: Symptoms
 Extreme pain from lower back to
groin.
 Nausea, vomiting, blood in urine.
Kidney Stones: Causes
 Fluid imbalance in the urine causes
ions to form crystals.
 The crystals stick together and grow.
 Stones move down ureters and
urethra, causing pain.
Kidney Stones: Treatment
 Usually, the stone can
be urinated away.
 Analgesics
(painkillers)
 Surgery for large
stones.
Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)
UTI: Symptoms
 Burning during
urination
 Sensation of needing
to urinate
 Increased urination
 Cloudy, foul-smelling
urine
UTI: Causes
 Bacterial infection in any part of the urinary tract.
 Women are 10x more likely than men to get a UTI,
because of the relative proximity of the anus to the
urethra, allowing for easier transfer of bacteria from
fecal matter. Also, the urethra is shorter so bacteria can
more easily infiltrate the bladder.
 Sex is a common cause of UTIs because sexual
intercourse introduces bacteria into a woman’s urinary
tract (almost 80% of women with a UTI have had sex
within the previous 24 hours)
UTI: Treatment
 Antibiotics
 Cranberries may help prevent UTIs by
preventing bacterial adhesion to the
walls of the urinary tract.
 Tips for prevention: stay hydrated,
urinate before and promptly after sex,
thoroughly clean genitals before/after
sex
Renal Failure
Renal Failure: Symptoms
 Vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, weight
loss, foamy or bubbly urine, more or
less frequent urinations, itching,
muscle cramps, abnormal heart
rhythms, swelling of body parts, pain
in the back side of the chest where the
kidney is located, feeling tired or
weak, dizziness
Renal Failure: Causes
The kidney fails to properly filter
the blood (due to blood supply
blockage, drugs, injury, high blood
pressure, diabetes) leaving high
levels of waste products in the
blood.
Renal Failure: Treatments
 Dialysis
 Kidney Transplant
Dialysis
 A machine artificially removes waste
(water, urea, some sodium) from the
blood.
Dialysis
Nephritis
Nephritis: Symptoms
 Swelling in face, eyes, and legs
 Reduced urine volume, dark urine
 Headaches, nausea, increased blood
pressure
Nephritis: Causes
 Inflammation of the nephrons caused
by infection, toxins, or antibodies
 Blood and proteins leak into the urine
Nephritis: Treatment
 Reduce salt in diet
 Antibiotics or immunosuppressant
 Dialysis if severe
Urinalysis
 Analysis of urine composition and
properties
 Useful diagnostic tool
Urinalysis: Physical Characteristics
 Normal urine: yellow, clear, pH of ~6.0
 Normal daily volume of urine: 0.5-2 liters
 Abnormal: other colors, cloudiness, pH
<4.5 or >8.0
Urinalysis: Chemical Composition
 Urine: 95% water
 Normal solutes: Urea, potassium,
chloride, sodium
 Abnormal solutes: red or white blood
cells, protein, glucose
Practice
 A patient goes to his doctor
complaining of extreme pain in his
lower back and blood in his urine.
What is the diagnosis? What are
treatment options?
Practice
 A lab technician is performing a
urinalysis on a urine sample. The
urine is yellow, cloudy, pH=5.5, and
contains urea, K+, Na+, Cl-, and
WBCs.
 Is this normal urine? If not, what
disease could the patient have?
Practice
 A patient goes to his doctor because he
has swelling in his face and eyes. The
doctor notices he has higher blood
pressure than normal. A urine sample
shows dark-colored urine with unusually
high levels of protein and RBCs and
WBCs. What disease does this patient
have? What are treatment options?