Download 5. GENERAL BOTANY (FI

5. GENERAL BOTANY (FI-OBOT)
STUDY PROGRAM
DEPARTMENT
COURSE TITLE / CODE
GENERAL BOTANY
Mandatory
COURSE STATUS
Condition:
Year of
study
I
Winter semester (hours/week)
Lecture
1
Teaching methods
Practice
Summer semester (hours/week)
Lecture
Practice
2
lectures, practice, tutorial
Colloquia
Seminars
ECTS credits
3
AIM
The main aims of this course are: introduction of students with basic structure of plants, their life cycles, ways of
reproduction, as well as with usage of plant organs for pharmaceutical purposes. Development of skills and practical
application of obtained knowledge.
GOAL
Knowledge
Introduction of students with morphological and anatomical structure of vegetative and reproductive organs, their
functions and basic biotechnological principles. Understanding of structural and functional coordination of organs
and plant organism as a whole. Pharmaceutical usage of vegetative and reproductive organs. Knowledge obtained
during this course are basics for Plant Systematics and Pharmacognosy.
Skills
Development of skills in using light microscope, making microscopic slides, analysis and evaluation of
plant anatomical and morphological characteristics.
COURSE DESCRIPTION
Theoretical classes
18. Botany: introduction, characteristics and the role of plants in nature, classification of botany, relationship between
botany and pharmacy. Citology: introduction, definition of cell and cell types, the structure of plant cell, plasma
membranes, turgor and plasmolysis.
19. Citology: plastids – types, structure and roles, pigments. Ergastic substances in cytoplasm (starch and aleuronic grains,
oils, essential oils).
20. Citology: Vacuole, cell sap (carbohydrates, mucilage, pigments, glycosides, tannins, alkaloids, organic acids).
Crystals. The cell wall: structure, chemical composition, plasmodesmata and pits. Secondary changes of the cell wall.
21. Tissues: classification, role. Meristems (apical, intercalary, lateral, traumatic; primary and secondary meristems).
Permanent tissues – different types of parenchyma tissue. Mechanical tissue.
22. Permanent tissues - dermal, vascular and secretory tissue.
23. Partial exam I – citology and histology
24. Morphological levels of organization of plant body. Organography. Embrio. Vegetative organs. Root – morphology
and anatomy. Morphology and anatomy of metamorphosed root.
25. Organography: Shoot morphology. Stem anatomy (primary and secondary structure).
26. Organography: Leaf anatomy and morphology.
27. Morphology and anatomy of metamorphosed shoot. Leaf metamorphoses.
28. Partial exam II – organography. Plant reproduction (asexual, sexual, plant life cycles).
29. Reproductive organs of Angiosperms. Flower (morphology and anatomy). Inflorescence (morphology and
classification).
30. Polination and fertilization, formation of seed and fruit. Seed and fruit – morphology, anatomy and classification.
31. Plant physiology: water regime, metabolism, photosynthesis, respiration, mineral nutrition, transport of substances.
32. Biotechnology: (tissue culture, genetically modified plants). Partial exam III - plant reproduction, flower, seed, fruit,
plant fiziology and biotechnoloy.
Practical classes
1.
2.
3.
4.
Microscope: parts, handling. The structure of plant cell. Turgor and plasmolysis.
Cytoplasmatic streaming. Chloroplasts, carotenoidoplasts and leucoplasts. Starch and aleuronic grains.
Crystals, cell wall, pits. Local thickennings of cell wall.
Apical meristems of shoot and root. Photocynthetic, storage and apsorption parenchyma. Mechanical tissue:
colenchyma, fibers, sclereids.
5. Epidermis and stomata. Trichomes: periderm, lenticels, bark. Exogenous and endogenous secretory structures.
6. Vascular tissue. Types of vascular bundles (concentric, collateral, bicollateral and radial).
7. Colloquium I – citology and histology. Embrio: monocots and dicots. Root morphology: types of root systems, root
18
zones. Primary and secondary root anatomy. Root metamorphoses. Root nodules.
Shoot morphology. Types of branching. Primary stem anatomical structure (monocots and dicots).
Secondary anatomical structure of conifer and dicots stems.
Colloquium II – root and shoot. Leaf morphology.
Leaf anatomical structure: monocots, dicots and conifers. Structure of xeromorphic leaves. Petiole structure.
Shoot and leaf metamorphoses. Rhizome anatomical structure.
Colloquium III – leaf and metamorphoses. Flower: morphology, flower formulas and diagrams. Ovary and anther
anatomical structure. Pollen grains. Inflorescences: morphology and classification.
14. Seed and fruit morphology. Seed coat and pericarp anatomical structure. Classification of fruits.
15. Colloquium IV – flower, seed, fruit. Pre-exam practical microscopy overview.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Recommended
Literature
Compulsory
Optional
4. Stern, K., Plant Biology. McGraw Hill Higher Education, New York. 2006.
5. Robins, W. W., Weier, T., Stocking, R. Botany. John Willey and Sons, Inc. New York,
London, Sydney. 1965.
1. Dickison C. V: Integrative Plant Anatomy, New York, London, 2000.
Student’s activity assessment (points)
Lectures
Pract.
30
Pre-exam activities
Colloquium
Essay
Other
20
Final exam
Written
Oral
50
Total
100
Teaching staff
Techn.
demonstrator
6.
Teaching Ass.
1
Dr Lana Zoric, ass. Prof.
Lecturer
Ass. Prof.
Assoc. Prof.
Full Prof.
Scientific
Researcher
1
7.
Sanja Todorovic, Techn. demonstrator
Head of Department
Prof. dr Ljiljana Merkulov s.r.
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