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Minerals
What is a Mineral?
 A __________________________ is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid,
with a definite chemical _____________________________ and an
orderly arrangement of atoms.
 About _________________ different minerals are found on
__________________________.
 All 4,000 _____________________ the same 4
_________________________________.
Mineral Characteristics (1 and 2)
• All _____________________ are formed by
________________________ processes.
• These are _________________________ that occur on or inside Earth
with no input from _______________________.
• ___________________ are _______________________.
• They are not made by life __________________________.
Mineral Characteristics (3 and 4)
• Every ____________________ is an element or compound with a definite
__________________________ composition.
• ____________________ are __________________________ solids.
• They have ____________________ volume and ___________________.
• Only a ________________ can be a __________________________.
• Not all ____________________ are _________________________.
Structure of Minerals
 A ________________________ is a solid in which the atoms are
______________________ in orderly, repeating patterns.
Crystals
 A crystals ________________ depends on how its
____________________ are arranged.
 ______________________ shapes can be organized into groups known as
crystal ____________________.
 There are ____ systems: cubic, hexagonal, tetragonal,
________________________________, monoclinic, triclinic.
• Knowing a ______________________ crystal system helps researchers
understand its ___________________ structure and physical properties.
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Crystals from Magma
 _______________________ is hot _______________________ rock
material that cools when it reaches Earth’s surface or is trapped below the
surface.
 When _________________ cools, _____________________ are formed.
 The slower _____________________ cools, the larger the
__________________________ is.
Crystals from Solutions
 ______________________ can also come from minerals
____________________ in water.
 When water ___________________, __________________ are formed.
Mineral Compositions and Groups
 90 ______________________ occur naturally in Earth’s
_________________________.
 98% of Earth’s ____________________ is made of only 8 of those _____
elements:
 Oxygen, _______________________, Aluminum, Iron, Calcium, Sodium,
Potassium, and ____________________________.
Silicates
 ____________________ are minerals that contain silicon and
_________________________ (plus one or more other elements).
 _______________________ and oxygen are the two most
______________________ elements in Earth’s crust.
 These two elements alone combine to form the basic
________________________ blocks of most of the
_______________________ in Earth’s crust and mantle.
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