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Cell Structure
& Function
http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html
Cell Theory
• All living things are made up of cells.
• Cells are the smallest working units of all
living things.
• All cells come from preexisting cells
through cell division.
Definition of Cell
A cell is the smallest unit that is
capable of performing life
functions.
Examples of Cells
Amoeba Proteus
Plant Stem
Bacteria
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
Two Types of Cells
•Prokaryotic
•Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
• Do not have
structures
surrounded by
membranes
• Few internal
structures
• One-celled
organisms,
Bacteria
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html
Eukaryotic
• Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
• Most living organisms
Plant
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
Animal
“Typical” Animal Cell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif
“Typical” Plant Cell
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif
Cell Parts
Organelles
Parts within the cell that perform a
specific function or job.
Surrounding the Cell
Cell Membrane
• Description: A thin, sheet-like
layer on the outside of the cell.
Has holes that control what
moves in and out of the cell.
• Function: Forms a boundary.
Separates the inside of the cell
form the outside. Controls the
movement of things in and out
of the cell.
• Similar Structure:
Cellophane, aluminum foil, wall
with doors and windows
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Cell Wall
• Description: Fibrous wall
or layer that surrounds the
cell outside the cell
membrane. Not found in
animal cells.
• Function: Provides
support and strengthens
the cell. Also gives the cell
its shape.
• Similar Structure: Brick
wall
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Inside the Cell
Nucleus
• Description: an organelle that has a
double-layered leaky membrane. The
nucleus contains the DNA
• Function: It acts like a container. It holds
the DNA and the nucleolus inside Overall
the control centre of the cell.
• Similar Structure: Cherry Blossom and
any container
Nuclear Membrane
• Description: A thin,
sheet like layer that forms
the outer wall of the
nucleus. Has holes that
control what moves in
and out of the nucleus.
• Function: Separates the
inside of the nucleus form
the rest of the cell.
• Similar Structure:
Cellophane, Aluminum
foil, Wall with doors and http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
windows.
Chromatin
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
• Description: Long
strands of genetic
material call DNA that
can wind up to form
chromosomes
• Function: DNA
stores the instructions
for the cell’s jobs.
• Similar Structure:
Lego instructions,
shoe strings and blue
prints.
Nucleolus
• Description: A dark
spot in the nucleus
• Function: Builds
ribosomes
• Similar structure:
Factory
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Cytoplasm
• Description: Jelly-like material in the cell
• Function: Supports the cell and
organelles
• Similar Structure: Jello in a fruit salad.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Description: A folded
membrane that forms a
series of canals in the
cell. Like tubes
• Function: Transports
materials throughout the
cell.
• Similar Structure:
Water pipes and highway.
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Ribosomes
• Description: Tiny
structure that sits on
top of the ER and free
in the cytoplasm.
• Function:
Manufactures
proteins that can be
used inside and
outside the cell.
• Similar Structure: http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Factory
Mitochondria
• Description: An organelle
that is somewhat beanshaped often looks like a
mouth with teeth.
• Function: Creates energy
for the cell
• Similar structure: An
organelle that is somewhat
bean-shaped often looks
like a mouth with teeth.
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Golgi Bodies
• Description: Looks
like stacked discs
• Function: Packages
useful materials and
sends them outside
the cell.
• Similar Structure:
Packaging plant or
Bag boy
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Lysosome
• Description: Small
organelle or sac.
• Function: Breaks down
food, wastes and other
materials. Cell breaks
down if lysosome
explodes.
• Similar structure:
Stomach, garbage
disposal unit.
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Vacuoles
• Description: Fluid fill
sacs (larger in plants
then animal cells)
• Function: Contains
water, food, wastes,
and other materials.
Help plants maintain
shape.
• Similar Structure:
Bag of milk, water
balloon
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Chloroplast
• Description: Green
organelle where
photosynthesis
occurs. Not found in
animal cells.
• Function: Makes
food for the plant cell.
• Similar Structure:
Solar panel,
restaurant, farm,
bakery.
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html