Download 1 To Produce and To Consume Food: Photosynthesis and the

To Produce and To Consume Food: Photosynthesis and the Digestive System
Living Things
Living Things need…
To Produce (verb) = To Make
Producer (noun) = uses energy
to make its own food
To consume (verb) = To Use,
to eat or to drink
Consumer (noun) = living thing
that eats other living things
Living things are
humans, animals and plants.**
Living things are (1) made up
of cells, (2) get and use
energy, (3) grow, (4)
reproduce (have babies), and
(5) respond to or adapt to
changes in the environment or
stimulus (singular) or stimuli
(plural).
Stimuli are anything in
the environment that changes
a plant or animal’s behavior.
For example, if you hear a
loud noise at night, your heart
may beat faster. A dog is hot,
so it sits under a tree. When it
rains, you use an umbrella. A
plant will grow towards the
sun or light.
To survive or to live, living things need:
Sunlight: (1) as a source of
energy, and (2) for heat.
Food (nutrients): (1) for
energy or fuel to grow,
reproduce, move and work;
(2) to fix or repair cells
Water: (1) to hydrate – to
keep it wet; (2) (plants) to
stay firm and upright and to
get nutrients; (3) (animals)
to digest food and keep cells
healthy.
Air: (1) (animals) oxygen
(O2)to survive (breathe); (2)
(plants) carbon dioxide (CO2)
to survive
Habitat (home or shelter): (1) the right or correct
temperature; (2) safe and secure home
**Microorganisms or viruses, bacteria
and fungi are also living things.
1 How plants produce or make food: Photosynthesis
Photo = light Synthesis = make
Plant (noun)
Food gives people energy. We need food to grow and live.
We need nutrients. Nutrients are in food. We need nutrients to
be healthy. Nutrients are (1) carbohydrates, (2) fats or oil, (3)
proteins, (4) vitamins and minerals and (5) water.
To nourish
(verb)
Nourishment
(noun)
Nutrition
(noun)
Nutrient
(noun)
Nutritious
(adjective)
To plant (verb)
Put in the ground (soil)
so it will grow
Plants use light from the
sun to make food. The sun is
the energy. The energy
changes water (H2O) and
carbon dioxide (CO2) into
oxygen (O2) and sugar
(glucose). The plant “eats”
the sugar (glucose). Animals,
including humans, breathe the
oxygen.
COs + H2O + Energy
(Carbon
Dioxide)
(Water)
(Sun)
Photosynthesis takes 5 – 30
seconds. Plants get nutrients
from the soil.
O2
(oxygen)
+ Glucose
(sugar)
Chlorophyll is the green color
(pigment) in leaves. It helps
plants absorb (soak up) or
caputure (take and hold) light
energy from the sun to make
sugar. Sugar is a nutrient that
mixes with water. The sugar is
the plant’s food.
How humans consume or use food: Energy
2 How humans consume or use food: Nutrients
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates or starch
give you energy.
Carbohydrates have starch
and sugar. Your cells break
down carbohydrates for
energy. Carbohydrates are in
foods like bread, rice, pasta,
and fruit.
Fats or Oil
Fats or oils give your body
energy. Fats insulate your
body – they keep you not too
hot and not too cold. Fats
protect your organs like your
brain, stomach, heart and
lungs.Your body does not
need a lot of fat. Fats are in
oil, fish, and beans.
Protein
Protein builds and repairs
or fixes your body. Protein
helps your body fight disease.
Most foods have some
protein. Protein is in meat,
fish, nuts, eggs, beans, seeds
and milk / cheese.
How humans consume or use food: Nutrients
Vitamins and Minerals
Minerals help your
bones, teeth and muscles
grow. Minerals are in salt,
food and drinking water.
Vitamins help your
body use energy from
food. Vitamins repair, or
fix, damaged, or hurt,
tissues and cells. Tissues
are a group of cells that
work together. Tissues
keep our bodies together
and help us move.
Vitamins are in many fruits
and vegetables.
Water
Your body is 50% 70% water. Water keeps
your body temperature
safe. Water transports or
moves nutrients through
your body. Water cleans
your body when you
urinate. Water is in fruits
and vegetables.
3 How humans process food: Digestion
To digest (verb) – to change food you have eatten into a simplier
form so your body can use the food for energy and nutrition.
Digestion (noun) – the process or steps of breaking down food into
a simplier form after you eat it.
Digestive System (noun) – the organs (mouth, stomach) in your
body that work together to break down food for energy and
nutrition.
Digestion lets or allows your body to get nutrients and energy from
food and water. The digestive system processes or breaks down the
food. The digestive system excretes or gets rid of waste (urine,
feces / excrement).
Steps in the Digestion Process
First: Mouth
Teeth chew or mash the
food into small pieces.
Saliva or spit helps make
the food moist or wet.
This helps break the food
into small pieces.
Teeth
Throat
Tongue
Saliva or
spit
The tongue sends taste
information to your brain.
The tongue pushes food
to the back of the mouth.
The throat connects or
joins the mouth to the
esophagus. It helps you
swallow food.
Second: Esophagus
Food
The esophagus is a pipe
or tube that that pushes or
moves food from the
mouth to the stomach. It
has muscles that push or
force the food down.
waste
4 Steps in the Digestion Process
Third: Stomach
The stomach breaks down
foods into tiny particles or
pieces. The acid and muscles
in the stomach break down and
grind up the food. Food stays
in the stomach for about 4
hours.
Steps in the Digestion Process
Fourth: Liver,
The pancrease has enzymes that digest
Gallbladder and
proteins, fats and carbohydrates. The
Pancreas
gallbladder and pancreas inject or put
The liver has bile.
enzymes into the small intestine.
The bile is stored
or kept in the gall
bladder. Bile
breaks up fat into
smaller parts. The
pancrease makes
hormones like
insulin.
Steps in the Digestion Process
Fifth: Small Intestine
The small intestine is a long,
thin tube or hose. The small
intestine has chemicals called
enzymes. Enzymes break the
food into fats, proteins and
sugars. These are nutrients.
The nutrients are absorbed, or
sucked or soaked up, by your
blood. This is called absorption.
Steps in the Digestion Process
Seventh: Rectum and Anus
Steps in the Digestion Process
Sixth: Large Intestine
The large intestine is a short, fat tube or hose. Any food that
your body does not need or can not use goes to the large
intestine. It leaves your body as waste.
Steps in the Digestion Process
The rectum stores or keeps feces or solid waste until you go to the
bathroom. The muscle in the rectum pushes it out of the anus.
5 Human Digestive System
Human Digestive System
How long is the human digestive system?
How long does food stay in your body?
Organ
Esophagus
Small intestines
Large intestines
Centimeters
Inches
25 cm
about 10 inches
7 meters (700 cm) about 23 feet
1.5 meters (150
about 5 feet
cm)
Stomach
20 cm
about 8 inches
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Organ**
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intenstine
Large intestine
How long?
10 seconds
5 – 6 second
2 – 4 hours
5 – 6 hours
12 – 24 hours
TOTAL:
Word box: mouth, small intestine, rectum / anus, esophagus,
stomach, large intestine.
**An organ is a group of tissues that has a specific function or role. A
tissue is a group of cells that work together. For example, muscle
tissues make up your muscle.
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Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis takes 5 – 30 seconds.
Word box: carbon dioxide, sugar (glucose), oxygen, water
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