Download Aim15-26Outline

15.
Outdoor Air pollution
a. Primary vs. Secondary Pollutants
b. Common pollutants
c. Acid Deposition
d. Clean Air Act
e. Carbon Cycle – photosynthesis, respiration and combustion
f. Nitrogen Cycle – nitrogen fixation, nitrification, assimilation, denitrification,
decompostion
g. Sulfur cycles
16.
Ozone depletion and Global Climate Change
a. Climate Change
i. Gases – CO2, H2O, CH4
ii. Process – Insolation is absorbed by Earth, reradiated as Terrestrial
Radiation which is absorbed by GHGs, Energy remains in atmosphere
iii. Results – increased average global temperature leading to climate
change… drought, increased sea level, melting of permafrost and ice
caps, more severe storms, and increased pests/disease
b. Ozone Depletion
i. Gases – CFCs
ii. Process – CFCs release Cl- when interacting with UV light; Cl- destroys
ozone molecules
iii. Results – increase UV at the surface, leading to more sunburns/cancer
17.
Factors that affect climate
a. Latitude
b. Elevation
c. Planetary Winds (ESRT page 14)
d. Proximity to Water
e. Ocean Currents
f. Orographic Effect
g. Lake Effect Snow
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h. Monsoons
i. El Nino and La Nina
18.
Seasons
a. Cause
i. 23.5 degree axial tilt
ii. Parallelism of the tilted axis
iii. Revolution around the Sun
b. Dates
i. Vernal Equinox – 3/21
ii. Summer Solstice – 6/21
iii. Autumnal Equinox – 9/21
iv. Winter Solstice – 12/21
c. Direct Rays
i. Vernal Equinox – Equator
ii. Summer Solstice – Tropic of Cancer
iii. Autumnal Equinox – Equator
iv. Winter Solstice – Tropic of Capricorn
d. Daylight
i. Vernal Equinox – 12 hours everywhere
ii. Summer Solstice – Longest day in Northern Hemisphere, 24 hrs at N. Pole
iii. Autumnal Equinox – 12 hours everywhere
iv. Winter Solstice – Shortest day in Northern Hemisphere, 24 hrs at S. Pole
e. Diagrams
i. View from Space
ii. View from Earth
19.
Terrestrial Biomes
a. Tropical
i. Desert
ii. Grassland
iii. Forest
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b. Temperate
i. Desert
ii. Chaparral
iii. Grassland
iv. Forest
v. Rain Forest
c. Polar
i. Desert
ii. Grassland
iii. Forest
20.
Species Interactions
a. Biotic vs. Abiotic
b. Individual, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biosphere
c. Autotrophs vs Heterotrophs (Carnivores, Omnivores, Herbivores, Detrivores)
d. Generalists vs Specialists
e. Threatened vs Endangered
f. Native, Endemic vs. Nonnative, Invasive
g. Indicator, foundation and Keystone
h. Competition (intra vs inter)
i. Symbiotic Relationships (Commensalism, mutualism, parasitism)
j. Predator/Prey relationship and strategies
k. Food chains vs Food web
21.
Biodiversity
22.
Evolution
a. Chemical Evolution
b. Biological Evolution
i. Heterotroph Hypothesis
ii. Natural Selection
iii. Types of Evolution
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iv. Types of Selection
c. Mass Extinctions
23.
Geologic Timescale
a. ESRT pages 8/9 – Geologic History of New York State
24.
Rock formation
a. ESRT page 6 – Rock Cycle
25.
Relative Dating
a. Principles
i. Uniformitarianism
ii. Original Horizontality
iii. Lateral Continuity
iv. Superposition
1. Overcoming: Thrust Faults and Overturned Folds
v. Inclusions
vi. Cross-Cutting
26.
Correlation
a. Unconformities: Nonconformity, Angular Unconformity, Disconformity
b. Correlation
c. Index Fossils
d. Fossil Assemblages
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