Download Ch7 Appendicular-Student-d-2017

PowerPoint® Lecture Slides
prepared by
Janice Meeking,
Mount Royal College
CHAPTER
7
The Skeleton:
Part C
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
*STUDENTS WILL DO THE FOLLOWING SLIDES
ON THEIR OWN DURING SPRING BREAK
• Both Classes: 17, 24, 27, 28, 29, 33, and 34
**ALSO DURING SPRING BREAK: STUDENTS
WILL STUDY & KNOW ALL BONES AND
PARTS STUDIED SO FAR ON ALL LAB
DIAGRAMS AS OF Fri., 04-07
Quiz On All Bones Done So Far On Mon.
(MW Class) And Wed. (WF Class) after break
* After Break In Lecture, We Will Finish Ch 6 &
7 and Do the First ½ of Ch. 8.
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III The Pelvic (Hip) Girdle
A. Os Coxae (Os coxa)
• Each = 3 fused bones: ilium,
ischium, pubis
• Functions:
• Attaches
• Supports
• Vs. Pectoral:
PLAY
Lateral
View
Posterior
Animation: Rotatable
pelvis
• Bony Pelvis: deep basin-like
structure formed by:
• Articulations
• Hip Joint; mobility & strength?
• Sacroilliac Joint
• Pubic Symphysis
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Anterior
Three regions
Base of sacrum
Iliac fossa
Coxal
bone
llium
(os coxae
or hip
Pubic
bone)
bone
Iliac crest
Sacroiliac
joint
Anterior
superior
iliac spine
Sacral
promontory
Sacrum
Coccyx
Anterior inferior
iliac spine
Pelvic brim
Acetabulum
Pubic tubercle
Pubic crest
Pubic symphysis
Ischium
Pubic arch
PLAY
Animation: Rotatable pelvis
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Figure 7.29
A. Pelvic Girdle …
1. ILIUM
= Superior part: Body & Ala (wings)
• Iliac Crest:
Posterior
• Iliac Spines
• Anterior & Posterior Superior
Iliac Spines
• Anterior & Posterior Inferior
Iliac Spines
• = Function:
• Anterior & Posterior
Sacroiliac Ligaments:
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Lateral View
Ilium …
Lateral View
• Greater Sciatic Notch:
Posterior
• Auricular surface
• articulates w/:
• Forms sacroiliac joint
• Arcuate Line:
Posterior
Medial View
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Pelvic Girdle …
Lateral View
2. Ischium
• Posterior-inferior
Posterior
• Main Regions: Body & Inferior
Ramus
• Ischial Spine:
• Lesser Sciatic Notch
•
• Ischial Tuberosity: inferior
• when sitting:
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Body
Inferior
Ramus
Pelvic Girdle …
3. Pubis
• Anterior
• Pubic Crest:
• Superior Ramus
• Pubic Symphysis joint
• Made of:
• Inferior Ramus
• Pubic Arch & Subpubic
Angle
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Pelvic Girdle …
4. MISCELLANEOUS PARTS
• Acetabulum
• =
• Acetabular Fossa:
indentation
• Acetabular Notch: continuous
w/ fossa
• Obturator Foramen– passage of
blood vessels and nerves
• Ischiopubic Ramus
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Os Coxae
Anterior gluteal
Ilium
line
Ala
Posterior
Iliac crest
gluteal line
Posterior
Anterior
superior
superior
iIiac spine
iliac spine
Posterior inferior
Inferior
iliac spine
gluteal line
Greater sciatic
Anterior inferior
notch
iliac spine
Ischial body
Acetabulum
Ischial spine
Pubic body
Lesser sciatic
notch
Pubis
Ischium
Inferior ramus
Ischial
of pubis
tuberosity
Obturator foramen
Ischial ramus
(a) Lateral view, right hip bone
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 7.30a
Ilium
Iliac crest
Iliac fossa
Posterior
superior
iliac spine
Posterior
inferior
iliac spine
Auricular
surface
Greater sciatic notch
Ischial spine
Lesser sciatic notch
Obturator
foramen
Ischium
Anterior
superior
iliac spine
Anterior inferior
Body of
iliac spine
the ilium
Arcuate line
Superior ramus
of pubis
Pubic tubercle
Articular surface
of pubis (at pubic
symphysis)
Ischial ramus
Inferior ramus
of pubis
(b) Medial view, right hip bone
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 7.30b
B. Pelvis Structure & Childbearing
• True or Lesser Pelvis:
• contains birth canal
• Pelvic Brim, Pelvic Inlet: Oval ridge from Pubic Crest
 Arcuate Line  Sacral Promontory;
• M/F differences in dimensions:
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Pelvis Structure & Childbearing …
• Pelvic Outlet: inferior margin
• Bounded by Pubic Arch, Ishia, Saccrum, Coccyx
• Dimensions
• M vs. F
•
False Pelvis: Portion above Pelvic Brim
• Bounded by Alae & lower Lumber Vertebrae
•
•
Function
Other M vs. F Differences
• Saccrum
• Coccyx
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Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 7.4
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Table 7.4
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Table 7.4
IV. The Lower Limb
A. Introduction
• 29 bones
• Thigh: femur
• Leg: tibia and fibula
• Foot
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Lower Limb …
B. Thigh
• FEMUR:
• Largest/strongest bone
• medially to knee
• Male vs. Female
• Articulations
• Hip:
• Knee:
• Tibia
• Patella
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Anterior View
Posterior
View
Femur …
Parts
• Head:
• Fovea Capitus– indentation
• Function: ligament
• Neck– narrowed, adjacent to head
• weak
• Fracture
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Femur …
• Greater Trochanter– large, blunt process
• lateral
• muscles
• Lesser Trochanter –small
• Intertrochanteric Crest
• posteriorly
• Intertrochanteric Line
• anteriorly
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“
“
Femur …
• Gluteal Tuberosity–
• Posterior
• Muscles
• Blends into
• Linea Aspera– low, vertical ridge
• muscle
• Medial and Lateral Condyles: distal
• articulate with M. and L. Condyles of ______
• Lateral Epicondyle– superior to
• Muscle
• Medial Epicondyle
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“
“
“
Neck
Fovea
capitis
Greater
trochanter
Head
Intertrochanteric
crest
Lesser trochanter
Intertrochanteric
line
Gluteal tuberosity
Linea aspera
Apex
Anterior
Facet for lateral
condyle of femur
Facet for
medial
condyle
of femur
Lateral
condyle
Medial and
lateral supracondylar lines
Surface for
patellar
Posterior
ligament
(a) Patella (kneecap)
Intercondylar fossa
Lateral
epicondyle
Medial condyle
Adductor
tubercle
Medial
epicondyle
Lateral epicondyle
Patellar surface
Anterior view
Posterior view
(b) Femur (thigh bone)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 7.31
Anterior View
• Adductor Tubercle– on superior part of
Medial Epicondyle; Muscle attachment
• Patellar Surface– articulates patella
• Popliteal Space– behind knee
• Intercondylar Notch (Fossa)– between condyles
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Posterior View
C. PATELLA
• Sesamoid Bone in Patellar Tendon
• Patellar Ligament
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Lateral condyle
Head
Proximal tibiofibular
joint
Intercondylar eminence
Medial condyle
Tibial tuberosity
Interosseous membrane
Anterior border
Fibula
Tibia
Distal tibiofibular
joint
Lateral malleolus
Articular surface
Medial malleolus
(a) Anterior view
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Figure 7.32a
Articular surface
of medial condyle
Medial condyle
Articular surface of
lateral condyle
Head of fibula
Interosseous
membrane
Tibia
Fibula
Articular surface
Medial malleolus
Lateral malleolus
(b) Posterior view
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Figure 7.32b
Bones of the Leg …
D. Tibia
• Medial
• Receives body weight
• Medial Condyle: articulates w/
• Lateral Condyle: articulates w/
• Intercondylar Eminence
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Posterior View
• Tibial Tuberosity– attachment of
• Anterior Crest (Border) =
• Medial Malleolus
• Inferior End– Articulates
w/ foot at Talus
Anterior View
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E. Fibula
• Stabilizes ankle joint
• interosseous membrane
• Articulates with tibia via proximal & distal tibiofibular
joints
• Head
• Lateral Malleolus
• Inferior End– articulates with Talus
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Lateral condyle
Head
Proximal tibiofibular
joint
Intercondylar eminence
Medial condyle
Tibial tuberosity
Interosseous membrane
Anterior border
Fibula
Tibia
Distal tibiofibular
joint
Lateral malleolus
Articular surface
Medial malleolus
(a) Anterior view
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Figure 7.32a
Articular surface
of medial condyle
Medial condyle
Articular surface of
lateral condyle
Head of fibula
Interosseous
membrane
Tibia
Fibula
Articular surface
Medial malleolus
Lateral malleolus
(b) Posterior view
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Figure 7.32b
Distal
Middle
Proximal
1
Medial
cuneiform
Intermediate
cuneiform
Navicular
Talus
Trochlea
of talus
(a) Superior view
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2
3
4
5
Phalanges
Metatarsals
Lateral
cuneiform
Cuboid
Tarsals
Calcaneus
Figure 7.33a
F. Foot:
1. Tarsals
• Talus transfers weight to heel
• Calcaneus– heel
• Other tarsal bones: cuboid, navicular, and the
medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiforms
PROXIMAL ROW: Navicular– Talus– Calcaneus
N
T
C
DISTAL ROW: Medial C.– Intermediate C.– Lateral C.—Cuboid
M
I
L
Not The Coke, Mostly I Like Cubes
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C
Foot …
2. Metatarsals: 5
• #1 to #5
• metatarsal 1: “ball of the foot”
3. Phalanges
• 14 bones
• Each digit has 3
• Rows: Proximal, Middle, and Distal
• Hallux; no middle phalanx
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Distal
Middle
Proximal
1
Medial
cuneiform
Intermediate
cuneiform
Navicular
Talus
Trochlea
of talus
(a) Superior view
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2
3
4
5
Phalanges
Metatarsals
Lateral
cuneiform
Cuboid
Tarsals
Calcaneus
Figure 7.33a
Intermediate
cuneiform
First metatarsal
Talus Facet for
medial
Navicular
malleolus
Sustentaculum tali
(talar shelf)
Calcaneus
Medial
cuneiform
(b) Medial view
PLAY
Calcaneal
tuberosity
Animation: Rotatable bones of the foot
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Figure 7.33b
END
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Olecranon process
Trochlear notch
View
Coronoid process
Radial notch
(c) Proximal portion of ulna,
lateral view
Ulnar notch of radius
Articulation
for lunate
Articulation
for scaphoid
Styloid
process
View
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Styloid
Head
of ulna process
(d) Distal ends of the radius and
ulna at the wrist
Figure 7.27c-d
BONE MARKINGS
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Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.