Download Posterior thigh muscle / hamstrings

Knee joint
• Skeleton
• Muscle
• ligament
skeleton
• Femur
• Tibia
• Fibula
(未參與knee joint)
• patella
femur
Tibia and Fibula
Patella
muscle
Posterior thigh muscle / hamstrings
1 Biceps fermoris
2
Semitendinosus
3
Semimembranosus
Biceps Fermoris
• Proximal attachment :
long head:
ischial tuberosity
Short head :
linea aspera and lateral
supracondylar line of
femur
• Distal attachment :
lateral side of head of
fibula,tendon is spilt at
this site by fibular
collateral ligament of
knee
Biceps Fermoris
• hamstrings的外側
• 2-joint muscle
• main action :flexes leg and rotates it laterally
when knee is flexed；extends thigh(e.g. when
starting to walk)
Semitendinosus
• Proximal Attachment:
ishchial tuberosity
• Distal Attachment:
medial surface of
superior part of tibia
Semimembranosus
• Proximal attachment:
ishchial tuberosity
• Distal attachment:
posteromedial aspect
of the tibia
Semitendinosus &
Semimembranosus
• 2-joint muscle
• Extend thigh
• Flex leg and rotate it medially when knee
flexion
• When thigh and knee are flexed, these
muscle can extend trunk
Gracilis
• Proximal attachment :
body and inferior
ramus of pubis
• Distal attachment :
superior part of
medial surface of tibia
Gracilis
• Medial thigh muscle
• 2-joint muscle
• Main action : adducts
thigh；flexes leg；
helps rotate it
medially
Muscle of gluteal region
• Gluteus Maximus
Muscle
• Tensor Fasciae Latae
• Iliotibial Tract
Iliotibial Tract
• upper end: the iliac crest
lower end:
the lateral condyle of tibia
• The tensor fasciae latae and
superficial 3/4 of gluteus
maximus insert into the
iliotibial tract,which acts as a
long aponeurosis of the
muscles.
• Steadys the pelvis and assists
in knee extension
Gluteus Maximus Muscle
• Proximal attachment :
ilium posterior to posterior
gluteal line；dorsal
surface of sacrum and
coccyx；sacrotuberous
ligament
• Distal attachment :
superficial 3/4 of gluteus
maximus attaching to
iliotibial tract；deep distal
1/4 of gluteus maximus
attaching to gluteal
tuberosity of femur
Gluteus Maximus Muscle
• Main action :
extends thigh(especially from flexed
position)and assists in its lateral rotation；
steadies thigh and assits in rising from
sitting position
Tensor Fasciae Latae
• Proximal attachment :
anterior superior iliac
spine；anterior part
of iliac crest
• Distal attachment :
iliotibial tract
Tensor Fasciae Latae
• 2-joint muscle
• Main action :
adduct and medially rotate thigh；keep
pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight
bearing and advance
opposite(unsupported)side during its
swing phase
muscles of posterior compartment of the leg
• Popliteus
• Gastronemius
Popliteus
• Proximal attachment :
lateral surface of
lateral condyle of
femur and lateral
meniscus
• Distal attachment :
posterior surface of
tibia, superior to
soleal line
Popliteus
• Deep muscle of posterior compartment of
the leg
• Main action :
plantarflexes ankle when knee is extended；
raises heel during walking；flexes leg at
knee joint
Gastronemius
僅標出proximal attachment
• Proximal attachment :
lateral head：lateral
aspect of lateral condyle
of femur
Medial head：popliteal
surface of femur,superior
to medial condyle
• Distal attachment :
posterior surface of
calcaneus via calcaneal
tendon
Gastronemius
• Superficial muscle of posterior
compartment of the leg
• 2-joint muscle
• Main action :
plantarflexes ankle when knee is extended；
raises heel during walking；flexes leg at
knee joint
Anterior compartment of thigh
Quadriceps femoris
由深到淺
 Vastus intermedius
 Vastus lateralis
 Vastus medialis
 Rectus femoris
*intermedius在最深層,此圖看不到
Quadriceps Femoris
• Vastus intermedius
origin: Upper two
thirds of anterior
femoral shaft
• Vastus lateralis and
medialis
origin: Either side of
linea aspera on the
posterior femoral
shaft
Quadriceps Femoris
• Rectus femoris
origin: Anterior inferior
iliac spine(aiis)
• Insertion: Four converge
into a single quadriceps
tendon which inserts on
and surrounds patella,
then continues as the
patellar ligament to
inserts on the tibial
tuberosity
Quadriceps Femoris
• Strongest muscle in the body
• Knee extension by all four act together
• Rectus femoris is 2-joint muscle
→knee extensor and hip flexor
Ligaments of knee
Ligaments of knee
•
•
•
•
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
Posterior cruciate ligament (PAL)
Medial collateral ligament (MCL)
Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
Cruciate ligaments
• Anterior cruciate
ligament
Anterior intercondylar
of tibia → medial
aspect of lateral
femoral condyle
• Posterior cruciate
ligament
posterior intercondylar
of tibia → lateral
surface of medial
femoral condyle
Cruciate ligaments
• The cruciates bind the tibia and femur
together, prevent excessive
anteroposterior movement, and may
contribute to the mechanical check
necessary for medial rotation of the knee.
Medial collateral ligaments
• Also called tibial
collateral ligament
• Medial epicondyle of
femur →medial
conyle of tibia
• Stabilize knee joint,
prevent from opening
on medial side
Lateral collateral ligament
• Also called fibular
collateral ligament
• Lateral epiconyle of
femur → head of
fibula
• Stabilize knee joint,
prevent from opening
on lateral side
Transverse ligament of knee
• Intra-articular
ligament
• A transverse band
that passes between
the lateral and medial
menisci in the front
part of the knee joint
• Tethers the anterior
edges of the menisci
to each other during
knee movements
Posterior meniscofemoral ligament
• Intra-articular
ligament
• the medial condyle of
the femur ←→ the
posterior crus of the
lateral meniscus.
Oblique popliteal ligament
• Extracapsular ligament
• tendinous expansion of
semimembranosus
muscle
• the medial condyle of the
tibia ←→
the lateral condyle of the
femur.
• Reinforces the joint
capsule posteriorly
Patellar ligament
• Extracapsular
ligament
• A strong flattened
fibrous band adjoining
the margins of the
patella to the
tuberosity of the tibia
參考來源
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http://www.ithaca.edu/faculty/lahr/LE2000/LE_hip.html#a
http://www.gla.ac.uk/ibls/fab/glossary/hipbone.html
http://www.gla.ac.uk/ibls/fab/tutorial/anatomy/kneet.html
http://www.gla.ac.uk/ibls/fab/glossary/iliotibialtract.html
http://www.gla.ac.uk/ibls/fab/glossary/popliteus.html
http://www.arthroscopy.com/sp05001.htm
http://ect.downstate.edu/courseware/haonline/figs/l13/130207.htm
http://ronnie.cz/_img/Clanky/1449_7.jpg
http://ronnie.cz/_img/Clanky/1449_3.jpg
http://www.activebodychiro.com/injuries/cruciate_ligament_tear.htm
http://www.coachroblowe.com/injuries-lower-knee-acl-overview.htm
老師的ppt