Download lab practical review 1

PRACTICAL #1 Bone/Joint Tissue Review list
Know the following
anatomical directional terms – for example: lateral, medial, superior, inferior, dorsal, ventral, sagittal,
coronal/frontal, transverse etc…..
know the 4 and 9 quadrant divisions of the abdominopelvic region
Identification using slides of
Bone tissue
Cartilage – 3 types (hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage)
Bone/Osseous tissue
Osteon structure model: concentric and interstitial lamellae and circumferential lamellae
-lacunae
-canaliculi
-central canal (Haversian canal)
-perforating canals (Volkmann canals)
Compact vs. Spongy bone
-osteons vs. trabeculae
Types of bones: short, long, flat, irregular, sesamoid, sutural
Long bone structure: know where to find the - diaphysis, epiphysis, medullary cavity, periosteum, endosteum of
a long bone PLUS red marrow and yellow marrow locations
Axial skeleton
Bones: parietal, temporal, occipital, frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, lacrimal, nasal, maxilla, palatine, zygomatic
-foramina: foramen magnum, f. spinosum, f. rotundum, f. lacerum, f. ovale, stylomastoid foramen, jugular
foramen, infraorbital foramen, supraorbital foramen, mental foramen, carotid canal, hypoglossal canal, condylar
f. (if present in the skull), pterygoid canal, incisive f.
-occipital bone: external occipital protruberance, internal occipital protruberance, occipital condyle, condylar
foramen (not in all skulls), condylar fossa, superior and inferior nuchal lines, basilar portion, hypoglossal canal,
foramen magnum, foramen lacerum, posterior cranial fossa, groove for the transverse sinus, groove for the
sigmoid sinus
-frontal bone: glabella, supraorbital ridge and foramen, zygomatic process of the frontal bone, anterior cranial
fossa, relevant sutures
-zygomatic bone: temporal process of the zygomatic bone, frontal process of the zygomatic bone, relevant
sutures
-temporal bone: mandibular fossa of the temporal bone, petrous portion, apex of petrous portion, tympanic and
squamosal portions, styloid process, mastoid process, zygomatic process of the temporal bone, internal and
external acoustic meatus, articular tubercle, mastoid notch, medial cranial fossa
-parietal bone: sagittal suture
-sphenoid bone: greater and lesser wings, pterygoid processes – lateral and medial pterygoid plates, pterygoid
fossa, pterygoid canal (foramen), body of the sphenoid bone (sella turcica – made up of the: hypophyseal fossa,
tuberculum sellae, and dorsum sellae) cerebral surface of greater wing, temporal surface of greater wing, orbital
surface of greater wing
-ethmoid bone: cribriform plate, perpendicular plate, crista galli, medial and superior nasal conchae
-vomer
-lacrimal bone: lacrimal canal
-nasal conchae – inferior, medial and superior – NOTE: the medial and superior nasal conchae are part of the
ethmoid bone
Orbit – infraorbital and supraorbital ridges (or margins), superior orbital fissure, inferior orbital fissure, optic
canal, be able to identify the following bones: frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, maxilla, lacrimal, zygomatic
Maxilla -frontal process of the maxilla, palatine process of the maxilla, zygomatic process of the maxilla,
infraorbital ridge, infraorbital foramen, alveolar processes and maxillary arch, location of sinuses, incisive
foramen
Mandible: ramus, body, coronoid process, mandibular condyle (also can be called the condyloid process, or
condylar process of the mandible), mandibular notch, mandibular foramen, lingula, mental foramen, mental
protruberance
Paranasal sinuses: know the locations of the following sinuses: frontal, sphenoid, maxillary, ethmoid air cells
Hyoid bone - lesser and greater cornu (horns), body
Vertebral column: - 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, sacrum and coccyx
-vertebral canal, vertebral foramen
-lamina and pedicle of each vertebrae
-spinous and transverse processes (thoracic vertebrae - with articular facets for ribs)
-body of vertebrae
-intervertebral foramen
-transverse foramen on transverse process of cervical vertebrae
-superior and inferior articular facets and processes
-inferior vertebral notch
-intervertebral disc
-C1 = atlas, C2 = axis (with the dens)
-be able to tell cervical from thoracic from lumbar
Sacrum – sacral foramen, medial and lateral sacral crests, sacral canal, body of sacrum, wings of sacrum,
superior articular facet
Ribs – sternal end (costal end), vertebral end
Sternum: jugular notch, clavicular notches, body, manubrium and xiphoid process
Sutures - coronal, sagittal, lambdoid, squamous, temperozygomatic, median palatine, transverse palatine,
frontonasal, internasal, nasomaxillary, frontozygomatic, zygomaticomaxillary, ethmomaxillary, ethmolacrimal,
ethmofrontal, sphenotemporal (sphenosquamosal), sphenofrontal, sphenozygomatic
Appendicular skeleton – be able to tell right from left when applicable
Pectoral girdle
Clavicle – sternal and acromial end, conoid tubercle
Scapula – lateral, medial and superior borders, inferior & superior angle
-acromion, coracoid process
-suprascapular notch
-spine, supraspinous, infraspinous and subscapular fossa, body
-glenoid cavity
Humerus – head, surgical and anatomical neck
-greater and lesser tubercles, trochlea, capitulum, coronoid fossa, olecranon fossa, deltoid
tuberosity, intertubercular sulcus
Ulna: coronoid process, olecranon process, radial notch, styloid process, trochlear notch
Radius: head, radial tuberosity, radial styloid process, ulnar notch
Identify the carpals as a group and then the individual bones
Metacarpals – know their numbers (I to V)
Phalanges – distal, medial and proximal
Pelvic girdle
Os coxae (hip bones)
-Ilium – iliac crest, anterior superior and anterior inferior iliac spines, posterior superior and
posterior inferior iliac spines, iliac fossa, arcuate line, auricular surface for sacrum
-Ischium – ischial tuberosity, ischial spine, ramus
-Pubis – ramus, symphysis, pubic tubercle
-acetabulum, obturator foramen, greater and lesser sciatic notches
Femur – head, surgical and anatomical necks
-greater and lesser trochanters and intertrochanteric line, intertrochanteric crest
-medial and lateral condyles
-intercondylar fossa
-linea aspera
Tibia – medial and lateral condyles, intercondylar eminence
-tibial tuberosity
-medial malleolus
-anterior crest of tibia
-fibular notch
Fibula – head, lateral malleolus
Tarsals: calcaneus and talus, navicular, cuboid & the three cuneiform bones (medial, intermediate and lateral
OR I,II and III)
Metatarsals I to V
Phalanges (see Hand) (phalange/phalanx = singular)
Joints and Cartilage
Three types of cartilage
Three structural classifications of joints – fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
Three movement classifications of joints – synarthroses, amphiathroses, diarthroses
Be able to identify an example of each:
Symphysis
Gomphosis
Synchondrosis
Sutures
Syndesmosis
Plantar joints
Pivot joints
Hinge joints
Saddle joints
Condyloid joints
Ball and socket joints
Joint movements