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I. INTRODUCTION TO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING 1 ECOLOGICAL MODELLINGTheoretical Provides knowledge about: - Systems - Ecology 2 ECOLOGICAL MODELLINGAnalytical Provides knowledge about: - Modeling procedure - Modeling elements - Conceptual models 3 1 ECOLOGICAL MODELLING- Experimental Provides knowledge about: - Models from data - Models from hypotheses - Models from existing knowledge 4 ECOLOGICAL MODELLINGTheoretical - System "Any phenomenon, either structural or functional, having at least two separable components and some interaction between these components may be considered a system." Hall, Day "The whole is more than the sum of parts." Bertalanffy Common to the most definitions: ” A system is a combination of parts that interact and produce some new quality in their interaction” 5 ECOLOGICAL MODELLINGTheoretical- Ecology • Functional definition: “Ecology works at characterizing the patterns seen in nature, studying the complex interactions among organisms and their environment, and understanding the processes involved in biological diversity.” 6 2 ECOLOGICAL MODELLINGTheoretical- Ecology Development of Ecology: • According to the level: • • • • • Plant ecology Animal ecology Population ecology Community ecology Ecosystem ecology • According to the focus: • • • • • • • • • Ecological Economics Ecological Informatics Ecological Engineering Ecosystem based management Nature protection Conservation biology Restoration ecology Landscape ecology Ecological Modelling 7 ECOLOGICAL MODELLINGTheoretical- Ecology Organisms that compose the community are under permanent influence of its environment and they make influence on the environment as well. Community and its physical environment are linked together. 8 ECOLOGICAL MODELLINGTheoretical- Ecology sir Arthur George Tansley (1871-1955) 1935: "…We can not separate (the organisms ) from their special environment with which they form one physical system… it is the system so formed which (provides) the basic units of nature on the face of the earth … These ECOSYSTEMS, as we may call them, are of the most various kinds and sizes" 9 3 ECOLOGICAL MODELLINGTheoretical- Ecology Bitoic and abiotic components of ecosystem can not be studied separately Biotop + biocenosis = ecosystem (bio-geo-cenozis) 10 ECOLOGICAL MODELLINGTheoretical- Ecology ECOLOGICAL MODELLING Computer sciences + Information technologies 11 MODELLING METHODSCompartment modelling Compartment modelling 12 4 MODELLING METHODSData mining data Data mining 13 MODELLING METHODSQualitative modelling Qualitative modelling 14 5