Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
to invest welfare of their citizens Gross Domestic Product (GDP) from the various governmental investments in different industries of the country such as health, infrastructural, military and many more. decrease wealth inflation increases standard of living recession civil society social inequality decrease Corruption: Inflation: The increase in average price level of goods and services over time. Recession: a period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced, generally identified by a fall in GDP in two successive quarters. "the country is in the depths of a recession" Social Inequality: ”the existence of unequal opportunities and rewards for different social positions or statuses within a group or society” Standard of Living: ”the Public spending patterns Public Sector Wages Examples set by the leaders Penalty systems Transparency of rules and laws Economic Corruption has a substantial economic impact. Corruption leads to higher unemployment because the money that is supposed to be spent on improving facilities and services is gone to the government for personal gain. The finance is not properly used which results in poor quality infrastructure/facilities. This means that prices will increase because infrastructure will require frequent maintenance/rebuilding. This will cause people’s real incomes to decrease in value which will then decrease spending. If spending decreases, then taxes will also decrease and hence government will not be able to spend on the welfare of citizens. This will move the economy into a recession due to less spending and higher unemployment. Businesses will experience falling demand and will not be keen to invest/expand within the country. Recession can cause serious problems for the country both socially and economically. The government will try to stop the economy moving towards a recession by decreasing prices, increasing wages/salaries and other methods. Social Corruption also has a serious social impact. It increases the poverty in a particular country. It also widens the gap between the rich and the poor. There is greater income distribution which means that the distribution of income is more in the rich than in the poor. Corruption causes social inequality and people don’t want to work together for common good. It creates more disparity between people and people are more separated in terms of ethnicity, work, religion and other categories. Corruption is very bad for a country from a social standpoint, therefore many NGO’s are trying to reduce and later on eliminate corruption in the world. (UNCAC) the United Nations Convention against Corruption 71 articles state parties criminalize certain acts/conducts corruption. UNCAC 30 ratifications 140 signatories UNCAC prevent corruption reducing Transparency International- German Non- Governmental Organization that publishes a Global Corruption Barometer and Corruption Perceptions Index, a representation of the corruption worldwide. It consists of chapters that aim to tackle corruption within that country. The chapters are driven by staff trained with local experts, they visit rural communities to provide free legal advice about their government. Somalia and other African nations- Somalia is one of the most corrupted nations in the world, pirates seize ships, the al-Shabaab movement has terrorised most of the country. Transitional National Government specializes in looting foreign aid that is intended for the thousands of refugees. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)- The UNDOC is strongly concerned with reducing and eliminating corruption around the world. In hope of doing this, they have launched a web-based anti-corruption portal that allows people to view information about legislation from UNCAC from over 170 member states. Corruption Council of Europe Criminalization of Acts of Corruption (The Organisation of American States (OAS)) March 1996- Inter-American Convention against Corruption was adopted in Caracas, Venezuela. 27 January 1999- Criminal Law Convention on Corruption was adopted in France. The convention was also open to non-member states, other states by invitation and the European community. 6 December 2002- African Union Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption was implemented in the African Union 29 September 2003- United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and Protocols entered into force by resolution 55/25. • 14 December 2005- Strengthen Democracy’s Transparency Pillar Address weakness in the Global System Of recent, World Bank has suspended many loans due to concerns of corruption. To address this problem, the World bank has proposed a few ideas. Not tying loans with economic policy conditions in such a way that some governments surrender their policy making. Minimum governance, human rights and transparency standards that must be completed before oil, gas and mining projects can be done in the country.