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10.5005/jp-journals-10021-1186
CLINICAL INNOVATION
Kansal’s Retainer: A Removable, Tooth-Borne Orthodontic Retainer
Kansal’s Retainer: A Removable, Tooth-Borne
Orthodontic Retainer
1
Sudhanshu Kansal, 2Piush Kumar, 3Gurkeerat Singh, 4Pradeep Raghav, 5Vimal Thareja
ABSTRACT
Adequate retention of a finished orthodontic patient can be the difference between a successful or an unsuccessful treatment. The acrylic portion
of the conventional Hawley’s appliance causes a reduced compliance in many orthodontic patients. In an attempt to overcome the drawbacks
of the previously used orthodontic retainers a tooth-borne orthodontic retainer was designed, also called the ‘Kansal’s retainer’ (Patent pending).
Keywords: Retainer, Tooth-borne, Kansal’s bow.
How to cite this article: Kansal S, Kumar P, Singh G, Raghav P, Thareja V. Kansal’s Retainer: A Removable, Tooth-Borne Orthodontic Retainer.
J Ind Orthod Soc 2013;47(4):353-356.
INTRODUCTION
Orthodontic retainers are an integral part of orthodontic
treatment, which helps to prevent relapse and hold the teeth in
desired position achieved during active orthodontic treatment.
Over the years there have been various modifications of
orthodontic retainers and these designs have certain inherent
advantages and disadvantages. A new design of orthodontic
retainer called Kansal’s retainer is introduced in an attempt to
reduce the disadvantages of the previous appliances.1,2
CONSTRUCTION OF KANSAL’S RETAINER
Kansal’s retainer is a removable, tooth-borne orthodontic
retainer which has wire and acrylic components. The wire
components include modified labial bow, Kansal’s bow and
pin-head clasps (Fig. 1).
Fig. 1: Wire components of Kansal’s appliance
(A-modified labial bow; B-kansal’s bow; C-pin-head clasps)
WIRE COMPONENTS
Modified Labial Bow
The modified labial bow consists of labial arc, mini U-loops,
occlusal arms, retentive arms and retention bends. The labial
arc is configured such that it lies on the labial aspect of the
1,3,4
Professor and Head, 2Associate Professor, 5Senior Lecturer
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Kalka
Dental College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
2
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, ITS Center
for Dental Studies and Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
3
Department of Orthodontics, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences
and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
4
Department of Orthodontics, Subharti Dental College, Meerut, Uttar
Pradesh, India
1,5
Corresponding Author: Sudhanshu Kansal, Professor and Head
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Kalka Dental
College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, e-mail: [email protected]
Received on: 10/8/11
Accepted after Revision: 23/4/12
Fig. 2: Modified labial bow (buccal view)
teeth. The labial arc is in close proximity of facial aspect of
teeth and, hence, prevents relapse of teeth from the labial
aspect. It is fabricated with 19 or 21 gauge wire.
The Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society, October-December 2013;47(4):353-356
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Sudhanshu Kansal et al
Fig. 3: Modified labial bow ( occlusal view)
The mini U-loop start from the end of the labial arc and
end at the junction of the canine and adjacent premolar (Fig. 2).
It is relatively very small and starts slightly distal to middle
third of labial surface of the canine and ends in the embrasure
area. It is approximately 1.5 to 2.0 mm in height and
approximately 1.0 to 1.5 mm in width. The U-loop does not
extend to gingival level. This makes modified labial bow more
comfortable and less visible. The mini U-loop is used to activate
the Kansal’s retainer by compressing it.
The ends of the mini U-loops initiate into occlusal arms
which crossover from labial to lingual/palatal surface in the
embrasure areas between canines and adjacent premolars. The
occlusal arms extend into retentive arms extending just short
of soft tissue. The ends of the retentive arms are given a 90°
bend of approximately 1.5 mm length and functions as a
retentive tag (Fig. 3). It resists the dislodgement of the modified
labial bow from the acrylic component of the said removable
tooth-borne orthodontic retainer.
The modified labial bow can extend from premolar of one
side to premolar of other side as in long labial bow. In such
cases, the location of the rest of the wire framework will shift
distally without changing the purpose or basic design of the
retainer. The modified labial bow can be preformed
commercially by a company or by the operator in their clinics.
Fig. 4: Kansal’s bow (side view)
Fig. 5: Kansal’s bow (occlusal view)
Kansal’s Bow
It performs a dual function by preventing relapse from lingual/
palatal aspect of teeth and acting as retentive clasp from the
buccal aspect of the teeth. It is fabricated using a 21 gauge wire.
Kansal’s bow includes a palatal/lingual arc, a vertical step on
the sides, premolar contour, occlusal arm and buccal retention
clasp (Figs 4 and 5). The said palatal/lingual arc of the Kansal’s
bow extends from lingual or palatal aspect of distal edge of
right canine of one side to distal edge of left canine of other
side and, hence, prevents relapse from lingual or palatal aspect
of teeth. The vertical step initiates from the end of the lingual/
palatal arc and is bent at 90° toward the gingival level at the
distal edge of canine with a length of 0.5 to 2 mm. The purpose
of the said first vertical step is to avoid occlusal interference
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Fig. 6: Wire crossover between Kansal’s bow and
modified labial bow
of the Kansal’s bow. The vertical step extends into premolar
contour and runs over the retentive arms of the modified labial
bow (Fig. 6).
As the name suggests, the premolar contour runs around
the palatal/lingual surface of the premolar (adjacent to canine)
hence, forming a contour as per the anatomy of the premolar.
It is located just above the gingival margin and, hence, does
JIOS
Kansal’s Retainer: A Removable, Tooth-Borne Orthodontic Retainer
not extend to the soft tissues. The premolar contour ends in
the embrasure between first and second premolar (in nonextraction case) or premolar and molar (in extraction case).
The occlusal arm initiates from the end of the premolar
contour and crosses over from lingual/palatal to labial surface
of teeth between first and second premolar (in non-extraction
case) or premolar and molar (in extraction case).
The buccal retention clasp initiates from the end of occlusal
arm which runs toward gingival level and is configured to form
a compressed, flat and round edged loop to form a pin-head
shaped clasp. The buccal retention clasp is the only part of the
Kansal’s bow, which lies on the buccal aspect of the teeth.
The Kansal’s bow can extend between the distal contacts
of second premolars. In such case, location of all other wire
framework will shift distally without changing the purpose or
basic design of the retainer.
The said modified labial bow and the Kansal’s bow sandwich
the teeth between them and do not allow them to move thereby
preventing the undesirable relapse of the teeth.
soft tissues. Though pin-head clasps are preferred; any other
clasp can also be used for adding retention.
ACRYLIC COMPONENT
After the fabrication of the said wire components (Fig. 8),
they are acrylized (Fig. 9) to join all the wire components
into a single functional unit without extending to the soft
tissues hence, forming the said removable tooth-borne
orthodontic retainer.
Wire framework is acrylized from lingual/palatal aspect of
molar region covering the retentive arms of pin-head clasps,
part of Kansal’s bow on the palatal/lingual aspect in premolar
region, retentive arm of modified labial bow and extending to
the distal surface of the canine on the palatal/lingual aspect
without extending to soft tissues (Figs 10 and 11). After
acrylization, the appliance is finished and polished and delivered
(Fig. 12).
ADVANTAGES
Pin-head Clasps
Major retention is provided by adding pin-head clasps on mesial
and/ or distal aspect of molars on either side (Fig. 7). The
retentive arm in the palatal/lingual side extends just short of
It has minimal acrylic component which rests only on teeth
and does not take the support of tissues for its retention,
therefore, it is less bulky, has low food accumulation and is
easy to clean. The patient’s speech and taste is not compro-
Fig. 7: Pin-head clasps
Fig. 9: Acrylized and finished appliance
Fig. 8: All the wire components of Kansal’s appliance
placed on the model
Fig. 10: Acrylized and finished appliance placed on model
(occlusal view)
The Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society, October-December 2013;47(4):353-356
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Sudhanshu Kansal et al
Fig. 11: Acrylized and finished appliance placed on model (side view)
Fig. 12: Maxillary Kansal’s appliance in patients oral cavity
mised. Mini U-loops cause no gingival impingement and also
they are less visible, hence more comfortable and esthetic.
increasing the predictability of wearing the retainer and thus
decreasing the chances of relapse after orthodontic treatment.
CONCLUSION
Any treatment is a failure unless the treatment results can be
retained. This is achieved by orthodontic retainers. Kansal’s
retainer is an attempt to fulfil the basic requirement of an
effective orthodontic retainer with some added advantages
which would greatly improve patient’s compliance thereby
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