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Earth Systems Crossword Name ________________ Across 1. – All types of radiation varying in frequency and wavelengths. Examples include cosmic-ray photons, gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet radiation, visible light, infrared radiation, microwaves, and radio waves. Type of energy that can travel through the void of space. 4. -Average weather over a long period of time. 5. The ozone layer and the magnetic field protect us from the sun’s harmful _________. 6. Makes up 78% of the Earth’s atmosphere 8. -The transfer of thermal energy through solids when particles touch. 9. – Imaginary lines that circle the globe to indicate distance from the equator. One of the most important factors affecting the Climate in an area. 12. -A thin layer of gases that surround a planet. 15. – Warm ocean current in the Atlantic Ocean that flows North along the Eastern United States, providing moisture for a humid climate. The warm current crosses the Atlantic causing much of Europe to have a mild climate compared to other areas of the same latitude. 17. -A gradual increase of Earth’s average temperature. Due to high concentrations of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. 18. -Layer of gas in the Stratosphere. Absorbs some of the sun’s harmful 22. -Gas that makes up less than 1% of Earth’s atmosphere. A greenhouse gas that is released through respiration, decomposition and combustion of fuels. Down 2. + H2O + energy from the sun C6H12O6 + O2 3. A force that is caused by the earth's rotation, acting as a deflecting force. It is dependent on the latitude and the speed of the moving object. In the Northern Hemisphere, air is deflected to the right of its path (clockwise), while in the Southern Hemisphere, air is deflected to the left of its path (counterclockwise). It is greatest at the poles, North and South, and almost nonexistent at the equator. 4. -The movement of matter due to differences in density that are caused by temperature variations. The transfer of energy of heat when a liquid or a gas moves from place to place. 7. (N2O) Green house gas that traps 23 times as much heat per molecule of Carbondioxide Used in surgery and in combustion engines. Released to the atmosphere through agriculture, livestock, and combustion of fossil fuels. Also depletes the ozone layer and contributes to acid rain. 10. makes up 21% of the Earth’s atmosphere. 11. - The process plants use to convert Carbon dioxide to 13. - The imaginary line around the earth's surface that divides the earth into the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere. Zero degrees Latitude. 14. -CFCs- a group of chemicals made up of carbon, hydrogen fluorine, and chlorine. Used in refrigerators and air conditioners as a coolant, cleaning solvents and as a propellant in spay cans. This chemical has been banned in many countries because it can deplete the ozone layer. 16. - A compound composed of carbon and hydrogen: CH4. occurs in natural gas and from bacterial decomposition of vegetation in the absence of oxygen (including in the rumens of cattle and other ruminants and in the gut of termites) also is a product of rice farming. Methane is a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. 17. -a gas composed of molecules that absorb heat from the sun’s radiation, and trap the heat in the Earth’s Atmosphere. Examples are Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Nitrous Oxide, and CFCs. 19. Molecule made up of 3 oxygen atoms. 20. -A temporary change in climate where the surface water in the Eastern Pacific Ocean is unusually warm. Caused by a change in the Trade winds. 21. An instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure, used especially in weather forecasting. In the mercury barometer, atmospheric pressure balances a column of mercury, the height of which can be precisely measured. Normal atmospheric pressure is about 14.7 lb per square inch, equivalent to 30 in. (760 mm) of mercury.