Download Microbial Nutrition

Microbial
Microbial Nutrition
Nutrition
I. Introduction
II. Makeup of microbial protoplasm
III. Nutrients and their sources
IV. Classification of microorganisms by
nutrition type
V. Nutrient transport
Introduction
Introduction
A change of paradigm: bacteria as
______________________ organisms
Definitions
__________ -- Acquisition of nutrients
Nutrient -- Substance taken up by cell from
environment and used in _______________
Chemical
Chemical Composition
Composition of
of an
anE.
E. coli
coli cell
cell
% Total Weight
Organic Compounds
___________
Nucleic acids
RNA
DNA
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Miscellaneous
Inorganic Compounds
____________
All others
Elements
__________
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Magnesium
Chloride
Iron
Manganese, zinc,
molybdenum, copper,
cobalt
% Dry Wei
15
50
6
1
3
2
2
___________
3
10
Not determined
Not determined
70
1
-3
--------------
50
20
14
8
3
1
1
1
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.2
0.3
Organic
Organic vs.
vs. Inorganic
Inorganic Nutrients
Nutrients
Organic nutrients -- Contain ____________,
often derived from living things.
Inorganic nutrients -- Everything that’s not
__________
Nutrients,
Nutrients, their
their Uses
Uses &
& Sources
Sources
Element
Use in cell
Main sources
Carbon
_____, proteins, lipids, ______ _____ _______, organic
Oxygen
Same
Hydrogen
__________, also free protons in cell Water, organic
Nitrogen
____________, nucleic acids
NH3, NO3-, N2,
Phosphorous
Nucleic acids, _________________
_____________ PO
Sulfur
Proteins, vitamins
H2S, SO4, org cmp
Potassium
____________ activation
K+
Magnesium
Same
Mg2+
Calcium
Cell wall stabilization, ___________
Ca2+
Sodium
Osmotic balance
Na+
Iron
________________ ____________
Fe3+, org. Fe comp
Water, O2 gas
Previous nutrients all considered
“___________________” -- needed in
relatively large quantities in cell.
Micronutrients -- elements needed in relatively
small quantities, e.g. Zn, Mb, Cu, Mn, Ni.
_________________ factors -- organic compounds
required in very small amounts. Cannot be
__________________ by a cell. e.g. vitamins,
amino acids.
Classification
Classification of
of Microorganisms
Microorganisms by
by Nutrition
Nutrition
Type
Type
Carbon source vs. ____________ source
• Humans get both from _________ source
• Plants do not, however, deriving their carbon from
__________ and their energy from ____________.
Troph” -- _______
lassification
lassification of
of Microorganisms
Microorganisms by
by Nutrition
Nutrition Type
Type (con
(con
Classification by carbon source
– Heterotrophs -- C source is ________ ________
– Autotrophs -- C source is ___________
Classification by energy source
– Phototrophs -- energy source is _________
– Chemotrophs -- energy source is __________
• Chemoorganotrophs -- organic chemicals
• Chemolithotrophs -- inorganic chemicals (minerals)
Common
Common Combination
Combination Terms
Terms
tional Group
Carbon Source
Energy Source
olithoautotrophs
Carbon dioxide
Inorganic chemicals
oorganoheterotrophs Organic compounds
Organic chemicals
autotrophs
Carbon dioxide
Light
heterotrophs
Organic compounds
Light
Nutrient
Nutrient Acquisition
Acquisition &
& Transport
Transport
Text, Fig. 7.3
Passive
Passive forms
forms of
of transport
transport
Text, Fig. 7.5
Text, Fig. 7.6
Cell
Cell
Responses
Responses
to
to Osmosis
Osmosis
[______]
[______]
[______]
[______]
Text, Table 7.5
Outer
membrane
________, for
example
Text, Fig. 7.7
Active
Active forms
forms of
of transport
transport
(a1) (a2) (a
Molecular
channels
(b) Group
Transport
Text, Fig. 7.8
Transporte
molecule
________
as it’s
transporte